Journal Articles: Recent submissions
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Kuria, Jane; Tuikong, Sylvia; Mwangi, Moses (International Journal of Current Research, May 25, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of PTSD among adolescents living in Neema and Tumaini Children Homes in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Adolescents who are registered into Children homes are vulnerable and highly prone to PTSD. Traumatic events that are experienced by adolescents may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: To assess the levels of PTSD among Adolescents Residing at Neema and Tumaini Children Homes. Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was utilized for this study. The Population for the study consisted of 400 adolescents aged 11-17 years in the two homes. The Lemeshow et al., (1998) formula was used to calculate the sample size. A sample size of 180 from the two homes was obtained by use of purposive sampling. Out of the 180, 90 were for the experimental group (Neema), while 90 were for the control group (Tumaini). Adolescents were administered social demographic questionnaire, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for PTSD. Analysis: The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 to compute univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results indicated that overall mean PTSD score was 38.5 (I 7.9SD) ranging between 25 and 59 and the score was not significantly different between participants enrolled in the two homes. Results: The analysis of the study revealed that the adolescents who had mild PTSD were 51.3% and those who had moderate PTSD were 48.8%. Overall mean PTSD score was 38.5 (+ 7.9 SD). Conclusion: Adolescents in the homes have been found to suffer PTSD. The home managers should adapt therapeutic programs that help them recover and be able to live productive lives as they relate well with self, their caregivers and peers. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3968 Files in this item: 1
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Mwangi, Perminus Mburu (International Journal of Social Science and Technology, January , 2022)[more][less]
Abstract: This study was prompted by a positional shift on blood rituals amongst central Kenya Christians from the stance of the East African Revival (EAR) members. The study compared the position of contemporary believers, with that of the EARand highlighted the effect theobserved shift might have on the Church. A qualitative strategy with a phenomenological research design and purposive samplingwere applied. In-depth semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions and document review were the research tools. Data was analysed using Thematic Coding Analysis. The EDNA model was used as the theological framework.Findings indicate a significant shift fromscripture as the default, final authority concerningsin and righteousness, to peers and mentors. The oral nature of the EAR’stheological legacy has largely facilitated this shift. Acceptance by the wider society, which values the blood rituals as culture, is valued by the contemporary believer but not by the members of the EAR. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3957 Files in this item: 1
Shifts in Blood Covenant Theology.pdf (245.3Kb) -
Munyao, Martin; Tanui, Philemon Kipruto (Religions, November , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: The decolonial discourse around Christianity must not avoid dealing with Whiteness if there is going to be any fruitful decolonization. Colonialism and the Western missionary enterprise were not necessarily two distinct and unrelated entries to precolonial Kenya. How then did Christianity, for decades, live side by side with colonialism? In this article, we contend that Colonialism in Kenya could not have been possible without the missionary enterprise activity. The impact of that unholy relationship is felt and sustained in contemporary forms of violence. Unfortunately, critics of such a discourse dismiss the decolonial efforts in African Christianity citing intellectual activism. Such voices of dissent may not be far from the truth as Jesus’ ministry involved elements of activism. Whenever he confronted oppressive institutional structures, he used activism tempered with a degree of pacifism. Looking at the history of historical injustices in Kenya, we see instances whereby missionary Christianity conveniently abetted injustices for colonial structures to sustain the oppression of the indigenous Africans. Such injustices have been unresolved to date because the oppressive structures are still in place in the shape of neocolonialism. Land, for example, is a present source of conflict in Kenya. In the precolonial African ontology, the land was in harmony with the people. For land to be taken away from its owners, a separation of the people from the land had to happen. This was facilitated by a Christian theology that created existential dualism, violently separating the African bodies from their souls and the person from the community. Hence, Christian doctrine that emphasized ‘saving souls’ and ‘personal salvation’ was entrenched. This separation and fragmentation are fundamental to Whiteness. Whiteness universalizes truth, even theology; it puts a face of neutrality that obscures specificity. Such has made the church uncritical of oppressive and unjust political structures. Whiteness realizes that it is hard to enter into something that is in harmony. Therefore, separation needs to happen for Whiteness to succeed. Unfortunately, much of our theological understanding today is tempered with a neocolonial mindset that separates the soul from the body for Christian triumphalism. It anesthetizes the pain of oppression with the eschatological promise of future deliverance. This paper will analyze the impact of Whiteness in Kenya during and after colonialism to demonstrate how the British explorer–settler–missionary alliance ‘oiled’ the religious and economic disenfranchising of African people. Secondly, it proposes a political theology that will restore ‘Shalom’ in a socially, economically, and spiritually broken country. It is such a theology undertaken in Africa that will confront oppressive structures and identify with the marginalized communities in Kenya Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3916 Files in this item: 1
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Munyao, Martin; Kithuka, Elizabeth (Rowman & Littlefield, 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: When the World Health Organization (WHO) chief declared the COVID-19 spread to be a global pandemic, renowned global philanthropist Melinda Gates of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation projected that Africa was waiting to see hundreds of thousands of fatalities. She cited weak economies, poor healthcare systems, increasing slum dwellings, lack of clean water, and high rates of poverty as some of the reasons why COVID-19 was going to ravage Africa. Contrariwise, Africa has not experienced high Coronavirus cases compared to the USA, Europe, and Asia. However, the pandemic has revealed what human rights activists have been decrying of Africa for decades, namely, widespread economic disparities and social inequalities. The pandemic is disparaging Africa not by COVID-19 related sicknesses and death, but by exposing the already existing dysfunctional political, economic, and social systems. At the center of the said dysfunction amidst a pandemic are religious institutions which often have acted as an adhesive in the society. Not only do religious organizations bring people together for worship but also do shape life and morality amongst communities. However, in the recent past, the religious space has delegated that role to secondary parties such as civil society organizations. There is less and less public engagement on matters of politics and push for socio-economic reforms. As containment measures against further spread of the Coronavirus, the religious places of worship were considered as ‘nonessential’ need. While from a public health standpoint it is known that this was a containment measure to curb the COVID-19 spread, it symbolically brings in the question of whether religious institutions rose to the occasion as a public defender. This is even though African life is fundamentally rooted in religious foundations. In this chapter, the authors will firstly discuss the role of religious institutions during the COVID-19 period on the public. Secondly, the paper will analyze the impact of COVID19 on gender issues in Kenya. Lastly, the authors will suggest viable options for restoring the prophetic voice of various religious institutions in Kenya’s public life in the event of future global crises for sustainable development Description: Book Chapter URI: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356492681_The_Role_of_Religion_in_Public_Life Files in this item: 1
The Role of Religion in Public Life.pdf (220.0Kb) -
Boyo, Bernard; Bowen, Michael; Kariuki, Scholastica; Kombo, James (International Bulletin of Mission Research, 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Africa has witnessed an increase of clergy who favor faith healing but have little appreciation for modern medicine. The intersection between African traditional healing and faith healing remains unclear, with most curricula in theological and Bible schools failing to address these fundamental issues. Research was conducted to establish the intersection between faith, traditional, and biomedical healing. The findings show that faith healing is practiced by nearly three-fourths of the respondents and that African Instituted Churches give relatively more attention to practices of faith healing than do other denominations. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3808 Files in this item: 1
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Boyo, Bernard (Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The discussion of the concept" integration of faith and learning or scholarship” calls for a proper understanding of the issues behind the statement itself as developed within its proper historical setting. While the phrase has been used within Christian related institutions of higher learning, its theological implication has more often than not been ignored. The assumption that faith and learning are to be integrated, as though they were disjointed and disparated elements that are intrinsically incompatible unless by a decisive act of will by" the Christian scholar" is quite unfortunate to say the least. This cliché, religious as it may sound, poses a major theological threat to the biblical understanding of the accession and practice of faith, besides rendering Christianity as a mere subjective pursuit of instinctive urges which obliterates one's capacity for objectivity and capability to carry out verifiable findings on the basis of proof by any empirical standards. On the one hand, the call for “integration of faith and learning” in general, borders on subjectivity dependent solely on the individual to the detriment of academic professionalism. On the other hand, academic intellectualism does not preclude one's religious beliefs as though the two were mutually exclusive. Description: Abstract URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3789 Files in this item: 1
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Chumba, D; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Chang'ach, J. K; Marete, I (World Journal of Medical Education and Research, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Introduction: Breaking bad news to patients is one of the most common, and often difficult, responsibilities in the practice of medicine, particularly in cancer related diagnosis. Breaking bad news in an abrupt and insensitive manner may not only be devastating for both the patient and his or her family but is also associated with poor treatment outcomes and doctor burnout. This task is commonly done by residents who are on training. The complexity of the current resident work environment, including the impact of making money or finances in third world countries, is underappreciated. A study to establish the effectiveness of a training intervention to assist residents in breaking bad news hit a big snag when the training workshop, which was held on a weekend, received approximately 10 attendees. 40 attendees were expected. Methods: A quantitative research approach, a quasi-experimental group design was utilized. A purposeful sample of 80 physicians who are residents were selected for the study on a first-come-first-served basis. They were then randomly grouped into two groups: test group and control group. Test group was trained and compared with the control group. Perceived competence in performing breaking bad news tasks by residents was measured using two learning domains: cognitive and affective. These evaluated self– efficacy, empathy and physician’s beliefs before and after the training. To achieve this, we designed a flipped classroom program and, two weeks later, a workshop for the test group was held. Cronbach’s alpha, median and interquartile range (IQR) was calculated in SPSS version 22. P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: A post-workshop survey of residents’ self-efficacy score in breaking bad news tasks, empathy scores using JSPE and physician belief scores were assessed. The post-workshop survey revealed that the residents’ self-efficacy scores improved significantly when compared with the control group. However, empathy scores and physician belief scores did not change significantly. Resident responses also exposed some challenges in communication skills training in real-life clinical settings for them. There was an apparent less humanistic approach to patients by residents suggesting biomedical curriculum based on the philosophy of science and less or limited in the ‘humanistic’ one based on the art of medicine. Conclusions: Innovative flipped classroom format in combination with workshop sessions allows easy incorporation of breaking bad news skills training for residents in a postgraduate training program. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3788 Files in this item: 1
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Rono, K. J., Bomet, E., & Ayiro, L. (European Journal of Education Studies, 2019)[more][less]
Abstract: Despite the existence of strategic plans in public Technical and Vocational Education training institutions in Kenya, there seems to be a problem in the implementation process. This study therefore sought to investigate the influence of employees’ perception on strategic plan implementation in public Technical and Vocational Education training institutions (TVET) within Rift valley region, Kenya. The study was guided by the following hypothesis: Ho: There is no statistically significant difference between employee’s perception and strategy implementation in public TVET within Rift valley region, Kenya. Change Management theory supported the specific objectives of the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design using both qualitative and quantitative approach. The target population was 1255 employees in selected public TVET institutions; while a sample size of two hundred ninety four (294) respondents was drawn using purposive and stratified random sampling. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that employees perception based on their level of management and implementation of strategic plan were strongly positively related and significant. It accounted for 94.5% of the total variations in strategic plan implementation. The findings are expected to be of value to the management and decision makers to form a basis for improving implementation of strategic plans in higher education. The study revealed that there was a diversity inopinion between the top management and lower management on strategic plan implementation and thus calls for special attention to all employees so as to ensure successful implementation. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3787 Files in this item: 1
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Katwa, J. K; Baliddawa, J; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Kei, R (World Journal of Medical Education and Research, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Background: The foundation of SPICES Model of teaching and learning is in its facilitation skills and resources which are vital to student learning. SPICES Model is a mode of teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum at the Moi University College of Health Sciences. Objectives: The objective of this study was to outline the challenges facing innovative teaching and learning method at the College of Health Sciences. Methods: 274 students, 65 lecturers and 9 administrators were recruited into the study. Self-administered questionnaires with both qualitative and quantitative were used in data collection. Questionnaire utilized a five point Likert scale (1-Totaly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3- Not Sure 4-Agree and 5-Totally Agree). Cronbach’s alpha, median and inter-quartile range (IQR) was calculated in SPSS 22.P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: 58 (23%) of students said that the program is confusing; rarely do we know what is expected of us. Others, 72 (29%) said it demands a lot from the student; while 58 (23%) hold the view that this system gives excuse to the lazy lecturers to avoid going to class to teach in the name of the students doing self-directed learning. Sixty two students (25%) think that tutorials are overcrowded. Majority of the lecturers 40 (62 %) said that SPICES Model is not improving with a large number of them 26 (40 %) saying all members of staff should be re-trained on SPICES Model of teaching and learning in order to improve it, however some of them 5(8 %) wanted SPICES Model to be abolished. There was no statistical significance between the number of years the lecturers who have been teaching and whether SPICES Model was improving or not as the p-Value ( 0.138) this result was not statistically significant at p < 0.05. Conclusions: The main challenges were the inadequate teaching and learning resources and training in SPICES Model of teaching and learning to both staff and students. There is overcrowding in all courses in the College, to mitigate on that, management should consider reducing intake until such a time that new facilities are in place. Recommendations: The college should organize annual workshops; separately for both students and lecturers to refresh on SPICES Model of teaching and learning and this will increase acceptability of this program moreover there is need to increase teaching and learning resources; such as teaching space, laboratories and library; whiteboard, LCD projectors, computers, e-books and internet connectivity and reduce intake until such a time that new facilities are in place. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3786 Files in this item: 1
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Boyo, Bernard (Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology, 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: 0 ne of the issues facing the Mrican church is that of adequate salaries for pastors. Not all churches give their pastors sufficient payment. I think, for example, of the Mrica Inland Churches of Nyandarua, Kenya where churches have failed to adequately meet their obligations in supporting the pastors financially. Insufficient support has brought about numerous problems that have affected the church's ministry in Nyandarua. The monthly salary given to a "full-time" pastor is too little compared to the needs that he has for his sustenance and that of his family. Consequently, most pastors have sought outside jobs, such as farming, in order to earn adequate income. In effect, the church suffers from "spiritual malnutrition" because pastors cannot give their full attention to the ministry. The pastor's divided effort causes a lack of spiritual nurture and lack of church growth. One cause of th Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3785 Files in this item: 1
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Mudulia, Mabel Ambogo; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Kipsoi, Emmy (Journal of Education and Practice, 2017)[more][less]
Abstract: Sustainable development goal number five of the 2030 agenda aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. The Kamunge Commission report of 1988 recommends that schools and universities provide guidance to university applicants to enable them make rightful choices. The paper objectively looks at the forms (processes, programmes and activities) of career guidance used in secondary schools and its effect on girls’ performance and career choice. The study embraced a mixed methods approach. Form four girls of 2012 in mixed and girls’ secondary schools in Vihiga County formed the target population. Thirty (30) schools were selected from the 112 mixed and girls’ secondary schools in the county by stratified sampling using the 4 constituencies as strata. Purposive sampling was then used to select 30 principals, 30 career guidance teachers, 4 district quality assurance officers and one county director of education. One hundred and eighty (180) students were randomly sampled. Data was collected using questionnaires, content analysis and interview schedules. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies, means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s product moment correlation while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. For all statistical tests, the alpha (significance) level was set at .05. The result of the analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between career guidance and, academic performance and career choice, r = 0.513, p< 0.05.The major forms of career guidance identified were class counseling, group counseling involving subject choices, and filling of joint admission board forms. The study found out that schools that were better equipped and staffed, with more career guidance programs had better performance and sent more students to public universities for admission into a variety of careers than the understaffed schools with no equipment. The study concluded that career guidance is essential yet many schools are not adequately funded, equipped and staffed for it. It recommends that career guidance be incorporated into mainstream curricular. The study has practical implications for the ministry of education and school administrators to provide a broad range of career guidance activities and programs to help learners make sound career choices. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3783 Files in this item: 1
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Fonn, Sharon; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Cotton, Philip; Habib, Adam; Mulwa, Peter; Mbithi, Felix; Mtenje, Alfred; Nawangwe, Barnabas; Ogunbodede, Eyitope O; Olayinka, Idowu; Golooba-Mutebi, Frederick; Ezeh, Alex (The Lancet, August , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 13·5% of the global population but less than 1% of global research output. In 2008, Africa produced 27 000 published papers— the same number as The Netherlands. Informed by a nuanced understanding of the causes of the current scenario, we propose action that should be taken by African universities, governments, and development partners to foster the development of research-active universities on the continent. Description: Journal Articles URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3782 Files in this item: 1
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Katwa, J. K; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Baliddawa, J; Kei, R (World Journal of Medical Education and Research, March , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the perception and preference of the SPICES model among students at the Moi University College of Health Sciences. We can define innovative teaching and learning method or the SPICES model as a program or series of events which the teacher implements to assist the student to remain focused on what that individual is doing. Problem-based learning is considered superior to the lecturebased learning due to long-term retention of knowledge, development of generic skill and attitudes. This study looked into the students’ views of problem-based learning versus lecture-based learning in Moi University College of Health Sciences. Methods: 274 students were divided to School of Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Nursing and School of Dentistry as per their number of students in each school. Self-administered questionnaires were used in quantitative data collection while in-depth interviews quantitative were used in qualitative data collection. A reliable and valid questionnaire utilized a five-point forced Likert scale (1-Totaly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Not Sure 4-Agree, and 5-Totally Agree). Cronbach’s alpha, median and inter-quartile range (IQR) were calculated in SPSS 22.P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review and Ethics Committee (IREC) of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: The response rate among students was 250 (91%) out of 274 who were given questionnaires. Majority of the students 179 (72 %) preferred SPICES model compared to 71 (28 %) who preferred lecture method of learning. A chi-square test to determine the measure of association between schools and preference of Problem Based Learning and Lecture method of learning showed no statistical significance with a P-value of 0.092; at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Problem based learning is fun, provides contextual learning and imparts long -term retention of knowledge through students’ active participation in a small group. It also promotes generic skills and self-directed life-long learning. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3779 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter (Journal of European Industrial Training, July , 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Purpose – The overall purpose of this study is to identify key entrepreneurial variables in the realm of social entrepreneurship that may contribute to enhancing impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS. In addition, the study seeks to establish which of the correlations between the entrepreneurial variables and management of response of impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS were significant at the 0.001 level. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. The analysis engaged a correlational qualitative research approach so as to enable the researcher determine whether the correlation between entrepreneurial management initiatives and the management of the response on the impact of HIV/AIDS in the education sector was statistically significant. Findings – The result of the correlation analysis showed that organizational boundaries, work discretion, rewards management support and time availability explain about 53 per cent of the aspects of management response to HIV/AIDS impact mitigation. The correlations were statistically significant at the 0.001 level. The implication is that introduction of entrepreneurship within institutions dealing with HIV/AIDS in the education sector would lead to improved mitigation of the impact of the scourge on the sector. Research limitations/implications – The study considers one thematic area in the HIV/AIDS mitigation process, that is management of the response, leaving three other thematic areas, namely: care and support, prevention as well as HIV/AIDS and the workplace. The generalization of the study’s results will therefore be limited. Originality/value – The study established that administrative management practices are not effective in the management response to impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS in the education sector. It therefore proposes innovative, approaches to the mitigation effort. This in turn calls for a dramatic shift in management that entails the extension of market principles into social institutions, government and civil society and an inevitable blurring of the boundaries between these sectors Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3775 Files in this item: 1
The role of social.pdf (108.3Kb) -
Munyao, Martin (Religions, February , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: In the last decade, since the Third Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization (2010) in Cape Town, South Africa, the world has significantly changed. The majority of the world’s Christians are located in the Global South. Globalization, conflict, and migration have catalyzed the emergence of multifaith communities. All these developments have in one way or another impacted missions in twenty-first-century sub-Saharan Africa. As both Christianity and Islam are spreading and expanding, new approaches to a peaceful and harmonious coexistence have been developed that seem to be hampering the mission of the Church as delineated in the Cape Town Commitment (2010). Hence a missiological assessment of the Cape Town Commitment is imperative for the new decade’s crosscutting developments and challenges. In this article, the author contends that the mission theology of the 2010 Lausanne Congress no longer addresses the contemporary complex reality of a multifaith context occasioned by refugee crises in Kenya. The article will also describe the Somali refugee situation in Nairobi, Kenya, occasioned by political instability and violence in Somalia. Finally, the article will propose a methodology for performing missions for interfaith engagement in Nairobi’s Eastleigh refugee centers in the post Cape Town Commitment era. The overall goal is to provide mainstream evangelical mission models that are biblically sound, culturally appropriate, and tolerant to the multifaith diversity in conflict areas. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3716 Files in this item: 1
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Munyao, Martin (Munyao, M. (2021). ‘New wine, old wineskins’: a comparative study of interfaith engagement and transitional justice in Kenya and South Africa. Journal of the British Academy, May , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Transitional justice (TJ) is an approach that has been used by states to bring hope and renaissance in addressing past injustices. Unfortunately, transitional justice mechanisms have been ambiguous and often yield underwhelming results. While various components that constitute human societies have been incorporated in Africa’s journey towards resolving historical injustices, religion has been casually utilised, if not altogether ignored. An interfaith approach to addressing a violent past has not been exploited, yet religion played a significant role in South Africa’s (SA) postapartheid era and Kenya’s second liberation from KANU’s single-party rule. This article will highlight the insufficiencies and gains made by past TJ mechanisms in Kenya and SA. The article will also discuss the place of interfaith engagement in confronting structural violence. Lastly, improving on SA’s TJ model, it will suggest an interfaith agenda for TJ that mitigates the horrors of historical injustices for reconciliation, peace, and stability in Kenya. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3715 Files in this item: 1
New wine, old wineskins.pdf (723.9Kb) -
Musembi, Patrick; Iteyo, Crispinous (Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), July , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: The African continent continues to suffer many conflicts resulting from poor management of natural resources. These conflicts have turned into deadly civil wars, and others have become intractable or protracted in nature. For example, conflict over the use of River Tana in the coastal region of Kenya has risen to unprecedented level that requires an urgent attention. It has devastated property, displaced hundreds of innocent civilian populations and has the potential to jeopardize international peace and security as a result of its closeness to the unstable state of Somali. The Tana conflict is an example of a non-linear or multi-causal, inter-communal conflict that cannot be reduced to a single cause. Though, at face value the conflict manifests in the form of competition over scarce resources, such a manifestation masks the roots causes of the conflict. A number of approaches have been employed by different actors to respond to the conflict. However, such approaches have not prevented a relapse into violence. This article seeks to explore the role of community participation approach in the management of protracted conflicts in Africa using the case of the conflict in Tana River County in Kenya. The study established the effectiveness of community participation approach in the management of conflicts. It found out that community participation enhances the sociocultural and economic resources available in the community towards the management of conflict; it fosters community dialogue through mediation, reconciliation, and negotiations; and strategically links the bottom-up empowerment initiatives of the grassroots communities with the top-down protection initiatives of the state. It recommends the recognition and utilization of the potential for community participation available in the grassroots communities in Tana River County. The study used the mixed methods to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The population for the study comprised all residents of Tana River County; NGOs; members of women and youth groups which pursued specific objectives; members of the District Peace Committee (DPC); members of the Gassa council of elders; chiefs, the police; and county administrators. It used simple random and purposive sampling techniques to generate a sample of 445 respondents comprising 387 residents of Tana River County, 42 participants in FGDs and 16 in-depth interviews with key informants to supplement the information obtained from the other sources. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of graphs, charts and frequency tables while qualitative data were analysed and presented using narratives. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3708 https://www.academia.edu/43786982/Exploring_the_Role_of_Community_Participation_Approach_in_the_Management_of_Protracted_Conflicts_in_Africa_A_Case_of_Tana_River_County Files in this item: 1
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Tuikong, Sylvia Jebet (International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH, 2016)[more][less]
Abstract: The memories of the events of the 2007 post-election violence that ravaged the country, still brings a lot of pain to many Kenyans. Despite the use of diverse peace building strategies in the region over the years, sustainable peace is yet to be achieved. This situation generated questions as to whether the peace building strategies used were truly effective. This study examined the types and nature of peace building strategies used in Uasin Gishu County after the 2007 post-election violence. Four humanitarian organizations that were active in peace building efforts in the county were involved in the study. The humanitarian organizations studied were the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission (CJPC), Rural Women Peace Link (RWPL), Wareng Youth Initiative for Peace and Development (WYIPD) and Africa Sports and Talents Empowerment Program (ASTEP-Kenya). The conceptual framework of the study was drawn from the Conflict Transformation and Human Needs theories. Descriptive and exploratory designs were used in the study, as well as the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population was 894,406. A sample size of 400 respondents was used. This study adopted stratified sampling procedure. The target population was split into three stratums and from each stratum, simple random sampling procedure was applied to arrive at the final sample. The research information was collected using questionnaires, interviews, observation and secondary data. The study used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze quantitative data while the qualitative data was thematically analyzed. The findings of the study indicated that various peace building strategies were used. The findings point to the need for organizations to use diverse peace building strategies that endear to all population groups. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3575 Files in this item: 1
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Zwanbin, Emmanuel (China International Studies, February , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: China’s presence in Africa has a long history of cordial interaction spanning from ancient to contemporary times. The history of China-Africa relations is held in high esteem by the two sides, as both share a history of foreign invasions and of solidarity for a common destiny. However, new narratives promoted by antagonists of China’s presence in Africa are constructed to portray China in a negative light without recourse to history. Arguably, the Chinese exploration of Africa can be said to have started many centuries before the arrival of Europeans on the continent. To challenge and counter the Eurocentric narratives, China has consistently provided historical and empirical facts, which prove that its interest in Africa is mutually beneficial and hinged on friendly relations. This research examines China’s role in Africa, and whether it may be construed as that of a friend or a foe. It explores several arguments about China’s motive for its involvement in Africa and the underlying ontological realities. It further synthesizes Africa’s strategic development interest as well as the prospects and challenges therein. It also delves into a comparative study of the historical relationship between Africa and the West on one side, and China and Africa on the other. The integration and critical analysis of several relevant scholarly contributions create the nexus between various studies on China’s role in Africa and on the consequent impact on Africa. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3161 Files in this item: 1
Foe or Friend Published.pdf (351.9Kb) -
Musya, Justus Katoo (International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: This study emerged in response to knowledge gaps on the role of ethnicity in the recurrent political conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, the worst of which occurred during the post-election violence of 2007. In solving the research problem, a systematic and methodical investigation on the causes of the recurrent political violence in the study area was done using a mixed research design. This analytical exercise involved testing of hypothesis about the relationship between quality of life differences and ethnic grievances. And qualitative interviews were informative on factors of conflict formation, escalation, and de-escalation. In testing the instrumentalist theory of conflict, it was observed that statistically significant differences existed between ethnic groups in conflict—the in-group and out-group—about horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances. The in-group had a higher standard of living than the out-group, and the out-group had higher levels of ethnic grievances than the in-group. Importantly, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances in the study area. Revealed in qualitative interviews was that the relationship between horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances is significant because it reflects the fears of the in-group of being dominated by the out-group and the frustrations and resentment of the out-group at being dominated by the in-group. The findings have defined the causal mechanism that is basic to the instigation of political violence, ethnic grievances borne of horizontal inequalities between the in-group and out-group. Entities like the National Integration and Cohesion Commission have a better understanding of the conflict dynamics that are basic to political violence in the study area and to other informal settlements that have experienced or are susceptible to political violence. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3158 Files in this item: 1
136699-327302-1-PB.pdf (162.2Kb)