School of Arts and Social Sciences: Recent submissions
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Now showing items 81-95 of 95
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Munyao, Martin (Religions, February , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: In the last decade, since the Third Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization (2010) in Cape Town, South Africa, the world has significantly changed. The majority of the world’s Christians are located in the Global South. Globalization, conflict, and migration have catalyzed the emergence of multifaith communities. All these developments have in one way or another impacted missions in twenty-first-century sub-Saharan Africa. As both Christianity and Islam are spreading and expanding, new approaches to a peaceful and harmonious coexistence have been developed that seem to be hampering the mission of the Church as delineated in the Cape Town Commitment (2010). Hence a missiological assessment of the Cape Town Commitment is imperative for the new decade’s crosscutting developments and challenges. In this article, the author contends that the mission theology of the 2010 Lausanne Congress no longer addresses the contemporary complex reality of a multifaith context occasioned by refugee crises in Kenya. The article will also describe the Somali refugee situation in Nairobi, Kenya, occasioned by political instability and violence in Somalia. Finally, the article will propose a methodology for performing missions for interfaith engagement in Nairobi’s Eastleigh refugee centers in the post Cape Town Commitment era. The overall goal is to provide mainstream evangelical mission models that are biblically sound, culturally appropriate, and tolerant to the multifaith diversity in conflict areas. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3716 Files in this item: 1
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Munyao, Martin (Munyao, M. (2021). ‘New wine, old wineskins’: a comparative study of interfaith engagement and transitional justice in Kenya and South Africa. Journal of the British Academy, May , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Transitional justice (TJ) is an approach that has been used by states to bring hope and renaissance in addressing past injustices. Unfortunately, transitional justice mechanisms have been ambiguous and often yield underwhelming results. While various components that constitute human societies have been incorporated in Africa’s journey towards resolving historical injustices, religion has been casually utilised, if not altogether ignored. An interfaith approach to addressing a violent past has not been exploited, yet religion played a significant role in South Africa’s (SA) postapartheid era and Kenya’s second liberation from KANU’s single-party rule. This article will highlight the insufficiencies and gains made by past TJ mechanisms in Kenya and SA. The article will also discuss the place of interfaith engagement in confronting structural violence. Lastly, improving on SA’s TJ model, it will suggest an interfaith agenda for TJ that mitigates the horrors of historical injustices for reconciliation, peace, and stability in Kenya. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3715 Files in this item: 1
New wine, old wineskins.pdf (723.9Kb) -
Musembi, Patrick; Iteyo, Crispinous (Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), July , 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: The African continent continues to suffer many conflicts resulting from poor management of natural resources. These conflicts have turned into deadly civil wars, and others have become intractable or protracted in nature. For example, conflict over the use of River Tana in the coastal region of Kenya has risen to unprecedented level that requires an urgent attention. It has devastated property, displaced hundreds of innocent civilian populations and has the potential to jeopardize international peace and security as a result of its closeness to the unstable state of Somali. The Tana conflict is an example of a non-linear or multi-causal, inter-communal conflict that cannot be reduced to a single cause. Though, at face value the conflict manifests in the form of competition over scarce resources, such a manifestation masks the roots causes of the conflict. A number of approaches have been employed by different actors to respond to the conflict. However, such approaches have not prevented a relapse into violence. This article seeks to explore the role of community participation approach in the management of protracted conflicts in Africa using the case of the conflict in Tana River County in Kenya. The study established the effectiveness of community participation approach in the management of conflicts. It found out that community participation enhances the sociocultural and economic resources available in the community towards the management of conflict; it fosters community dialogue through mediation, reconciliation, and negotiations; and strategically links the bottom-up empowerment initiatives of the grassroots communities with the top-down protection initiatives of the state. It recommends the recognition and utilization of the potential for community participation available in the grassroots communities in Tana River County. The study used the mixed methods to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The population for the study comprised all residents of Tana River County; NGOs; members of women and youth groups which pursued specific objectives; members of the District Peace Committee (DPC); members of the Gassa council of elders; chiefs, the police; and county administrators. It used simple random and purposive sampling techniques to generate a sample of 445 respondents comprising 387 residents of Tana River County, 42 participants in FGDs and 16 in-depth interviews with key informants to supplement the information obtained from the other sources. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of graphs, charts and frequency tables while qualitative data were analysed and presented using narratives. Description: Journal Article URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3708 https://www.academia.edu/43786982/Exploring_the_Role_of_Community_Participation_Approach_in_the_Management_of_Protracted_Conflicts_in_Africa_A_Case_of_Tana_River_County Files in this item: 1
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Tuikong, Sylvia Jebet (International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH, 2016)[more][less]
Abstract: The memories of the events of the 2007 post-election violence that ravaged the country, still brings a lot of pain to many Kenyans. Despite the use of diverse peace building strategies in the region over the years, sustainable peace is yet to be achieved. This situation generated questions as to whether the peace building strategies used were truly effective. This study examined the types and nature of peace building strategies used in Uasin Gishu County after the 2007 post-election violence. Four humanitarian organizations that were active in peace building efforts in the county were involved in the study. The humanitarian organizations studied were the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission (CJPC), Rural Women Peace Link (RWPL), Wareng Youth Initiative for Peace and Development (WYIPD) and Africa Sports and Talents Empowerment Program (ASTEP-Kenya). The conceptual framework of the study was drawn from the Conflict Transformation and Human Needs theories. Descriptive and exploratory designs were used in the study, as well as the quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population was 894,406. A sample size of 400 respondents was used. This study adopted stratified sampling procedure. The target population was split into three stratums and from each stratum, simple random sampling procedure was applied to arrive at the final sample. The research information was collected using questionnaires, interviews, observation and secondary data. The study used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze quantitative data while the qualitative data was thematically analyzed. The findings of the study indicated that various peace building strategies were used. The findings point to the need for organizations to use diverse peace building strategies that endear to all population groups. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3575 Files in this item: 1
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Zwanbin, Emmanuel (China International Studies, February , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: China’s presence in Africa has a long history of cordial interaction spanning from ancient to contemporary times. The history of China-Africa relations is held in high esteem by the two sides, as both share a history of foreign invasions and of solidarity for a common destiny. However, new narratives promoted by antagonists of China’s presence in Africa are constructed to portray China in a negative light without recourse to history. Arguably, the Chinese exploration of Africa can be said to have started many centuries before the arrival of Europeans on the continent. To challenge and counter the Eurocentric narratives, China has consistently provided historical and empirical facts, which prove that its interest in Africa is mutually beneficial and hinged on friendly relations. This research examines China’s role in Africa, and whether it may be construed as that of a friend or a foe. It explores several arguments about China’s motive for its involvement in Africa and the underlying ontological realities. It further synthesizes Africa’s strategic development interest as well as the prospects and challenges therein. It also delves into a comparative study of the historical relationship between Africa and the West on one side, and China and Africa on the other. The integration and critical analysis of several relevant scholarly contributions create the nexus between various studies on China’s role in Africa and on the consequent impact on Africa. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3161 Files in this item: 1
Foe or Friend Published.pdf (351.9Kb) -
Musya, Justus Katoo (International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: This study emerged in response to knowledge gaps on the role of ethnicity in the recurrent political conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, the worst of which occurred during the post-election violence of 2007. In solving the research problem, a systematic and methodical investigation on the causes of the recurrent political violence in the study area was done using a mixed research design. This analytical exercise involved testing of hypothesis about the relationship between quality of life differences and ethnic grievances. And qualitative interviews were informative on factors of conflict formation, escalation, and de-escalation. In testing the instrumentalist theory of conflict, it was observed that statistically significant differences existed between ethnic groups in conflict—the in-group and out-group—about horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances. The in-group had a higher standard of living than the out-group, and the out-group had higher levels of ethnic grievances than the in-group. Importantly, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances in the study area. Revealed in qualitative interviews was that the relationship between horizontal inequalities and ethnic grievances is significant because it reflects the fears of the in-group of being dominated by the out-group and the frustrations and resentment of the out-group at being dominated by the in-group. The findings have defined the causal mechanism that is basic to the instigation of political violence, ethnic grievances borne of horizontal inequalities between the in-group and out-group. Entities like the National Integration and Cohesion Commission have a better understanding of the conflict dynamics that are basic to political violence in the study area and to other informal settlements that have experienced or are susceptible to political violence. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3158 Files in this item: 1
136699-327302-1-PB.pdf (162.2Kb) -
Zwanbin, Emmanuel (Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship In Africa, 2017)[more][less]
Abstract: Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, set the stage for an appraisal of the many decades of obnoxious military rule and its consequent abuses. The widespread demand for accountability occasioned by the resurgence of civil society activism in Nigeria facilitated the formation of the Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission. The atmosphere led to an epoch making announcement in June 14, 1999, to constitute the Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission -- popularly known as the Oputa Panel. President Olusegun Obasanjo charged the Panel to review past authoritarian regimes and the human rights abuses for the purpose of enhancing reconciliation, national cohesion and entrenching the nascent democracy. The scope of investigation spanned from 1966 to 1999. The Commission received more than 10,000 petitions representing several cases of physical and mental torture, assassination, unlawful arrest and detention, intimidation, communal violence, and disappearances were received by the Panel. Of the total received petitions, only about 340 cases were heard. Faced with many hurdles, the commission almost halted its work. However, at the end, the Panel submitted a report of eight volumes, amounting to 15,000 pages. Findings indicated that there was gross violation of human rights perpetuated by the military ruling class. The Panel was jeopardised by the refusal of key suspects (Senior Military officers) to appear before its hearing, this was further compounded by many court injunctions to restrain the Panel. Nonetheless, the victims’ petitions were heard, to that effect, neither retributive nor restorative justice was offered to them. As tradition permits, the report will usually be published and implemented immediately. Nigerians waited patiently without recourse. Six months later, the Government of Obasanjo surprisingly annulled the report citing constitutional reasons. This research seeks to underscore the numerous challenges of truth commission as a tool for transitional justice in Nigeria with specific reflections on the Oputa panel. The research deployed qualitative method to articulate issues and intrigues that encompassed the operations and findings of the Oputa Panel. It draws attention to the underlying dangers that the unresolved violations and injustices potent for national cohesion and stability in Nigeria. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3157 Files in this item: 1
Zwanbin Emmanuel.doc (91.64Kb) -
Minde, Nicodemus; Roop, Sterling; Tronvoll, Kjetil (JAE, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: This article analyses the pitfalls that characterised the emergence and eventual demise of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tanzania’s semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar. Drawn from continuous political and electoral observations in Zanzibar, the article analyses how the 2015 general elections contributed to the eventual dissolution of the GNU. The GNU in Zanzibar was a negotiated political settlement between two parties – the incumbent Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF). In particular, this article looks at how the start of the constitutional review process in Tanzania contributed to the withering of the GNU. Despite its undeniably noble agenda, the constitutional review process resuscitated old enmities between CCM and the CUF. The two parties’ divergent stances on the structure of the Union revived the rifts that characterised their relationship before the GNU. We analyse the election cycle rhetoric following the run-up to the elections and how this widened the GNU fissures leading to its eventual demise after the re-election in March 2016. After the 2015 elections were nullified, the CUF, which had claimed victory, boycotted the re-election. As a result, the CCM won an overwhelming electoral victory. Description: DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/v17i1a8 URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3156 Files in this item: 1
9b788d860ecae767e3a6222f167a220e311e.pdf (426.8Kb) -
Musembi, Patrick (International Journal of Current Research, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: This article sought to assess the effectiveness of the approaches employed by the various actors in the River County in Kenya. The conflict in Tana River has escalated to unparalleled armed violence with loss of life and property. Various actors have employed diverse approaches in response to the conflict and to build peace. However, in spite of these efforts the region has experienced periodic relapses into violence. The government of Kenya has utilized hard Governmental organizations and the civil society have employed fortunately, the conflict has persisted the lives of innocent people as well as property in the region. The article proved that the approaches employed in the management of the Tana River d not incorporate a comprehensive analysis of the conflict vis-à-vis structural, proximate and trigger causes of the conflict in order to understand the context of the conflict and to determine the the conflict. In addition, the article found that the entire peace building process lacked clear coordination in terms of programming, funding and the deployment of human resources. Moreover, there is need to integrate a comprehensive analysis of vis structural, proximate and trigger causes of the conflict in order to understand the structural context conflict and to inform any responses to the conflict in Tana River. There is also need for response to the conflict so as to respond to the opportunities for violence such as chronic poverty and unemployment among the youth.Qualitative research approach was adopted in this article to achieve at these assertions. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3154 Files in this item: 1
32297.pdf (271.9Kb) -
Ayiro, Laban Peter (Emerald, 2012)
[more][less]Abstract: Impact mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa on HIV/AIDS in the education sector involved initially the development of education sector policies. This study traces the policy development initiatives, level of implementation, progress made and existing challenges. The study is based on a close (textual) reading of authoritative literature from United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF for the last decade on global monitoring of HIV/AIDS and statistical data. Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa have been brought into focus and themes have been extracted and synthesised from a comparative perspective to guide the development of this chapter. Across the countries, the education sector HIV/AIDS policies had concurrence with the countries’ national HIV and AIDS policy or guidelines, and conformed to international conventions, national laws, policies, guidelines and regulations. Most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa showed a significant decline in HIV prevalence among young women or men and opportunities to improve HIV-prevention knowledge and behaviour still abound. Antiretroviral therapy and other types of treatment have expanded since the early 2000s, but the number of AIDS-related deaths remains high. This chapter fulfils an identified information/resources need and amplifies the progress achieved in the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector specifically and humanity in general. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2838 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter (Quality in Higher Education, August 10, 2011)
[more][less]Abstract: This article attempts to bring to the fore the need for enhanced quality assurance processes in the award of PhDs by Kenyan universities. The findings reveal that quality challenges exist in the institutional processes established for the award of this advanced degree across the universities in the country. It is hoped that the findings will stir debate and urge the universities to re-evaluate and revamp their quality-control systems for the award of not only the PhDs but all their other degrees and diplomas, the ultimate outcome of this effort being a quality human resource for Kenya’s socio-economic development. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2836 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter; Sang, James K. (Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, September 1, 2010)
[more][less]Abstract: The 21st century has ushered in a new revolution in education leadership structures which have become the occasion of less hierarchical - more flattened, more fluid organizations. Today's management and leadership are driven by relationships that make the most of people's knowledge and enabled by networks with improved connectivity. Changing management structures, flatter organizations and new partnering arrangements implies more roles for 21st Century leader, multiple stakeholders and an increasingly fragmented job where they continually face trade-offs in time, energy and focus. Their challenges include matching their leadership style to a fast-moving, complex, technology enabled education sector; holding multiple points of view without being overloaded; working with others in virtual teams, globally; articulating a compelling future vision; guiding distinct groups of people to deliver education goals. A leader in the 21st Century must of necessity embrace persuasion and negotiation in order to obtain support from those under their supervision. Such leaders must be able to motivate, empower, articulate and innovate. This paper examines and highlights some of the skills. It argues out the necessity of developing and employing these skills in the Kenyan education sector for quality outcomes. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2832 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter; Sang, James K. (FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 2016)
[more][less]Abstract: Abstract This study explores why nomadic children in the counties of Turkana and West Pokot are left behind in the primary education process despite free primary education (FPE), and considers the variables that contribute to high dropout rates, low enrollment, poor attendance, and unsatisfactory academic achievement with a view of bringing out possible strategies to mitigate against these factors of discontinuity. Based on a study conducted in two counties in Kenya, results suggest that formal education in Kenya has not effectively served the nomadic communities. Education indicators in these counties revealed that nomadic groups are at the bottom in national statistics pertaining to enrollment rates, school participation, classroom performance, gender balance, student achievement, progression to the next level of education and by extension training. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2831 Files in this item: 1
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Ayiro, Laban Peter (Emerald, January 6, 2016)
[more][less]Abstract: The education system in Kenya is continually challenged to adapt and improve, in part because its mission has become far more ambitious than it once was due to the massive investment in education by successive governments over the last two decades. Today, most Kenyans expect schools to prepare all students to succeed in postsecondary education and to prosper in a complex, fast-changing global economy. To identify the most important measures for education and other issues and provide quality data on them to the country, there is a need for the ministry of education to establish a National Education Indicators framework. This criterion is hoped to enable policy makers and the public better assess the position and progress of the country across the education sector. The key task in developing education indicators will be to identify a clear and parsimonious set of measures and data that will be easy for non-specialists to understand but which will also do justice to the complexities of the ailing education system. These indicators will amplify the existing situation and will be drawn from a large, and sometimes conflicting, body of information about students, teachers and schools. The purpose of this study is to propose and urge the government to develop a national framework of indicators that will inform stakeholders on the performance of the education system, both at school and national level. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2830 Files in this item: 1
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Oduor, Nekesa Hellen; Ayiro, Laban Peter; Boit, John (African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, June 1, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of teachers’ gender on adoption and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in public secondary schools in Kenya. The objective was to: Determine the effect of gender on adoption and use of ICT in public secondary schools. Target population was 30,080 teachers under the ICT Economic Stimulus Programme (ESP). Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain 244 teachers. A mixed methods research design inclined towards quantitative strategy was adopted. The study was informed by pragmatic philosophical paradigm. Teachers’ gender constituted the independent variable, while adoption and use of ICT was the dependent variable. Data was collected by closed-ended questionnaire and interview schedule, organized and presented using frequency, mean and standard deviation tables. The hypothesis was tested by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The number of male teachers and female teachers was 162 and 82 respectively. However, the use of computers by males had a mean of 3.679 and the female 3.4756 on a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The use of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projectors had a mean of 2.5802 for male teachers and 2.4390 for female teachers. Use of printers had a mean of 4.1605 for males and 3.914 for females. Also, use of internet had a mean of 3.3765 for males and a mean of 3.353 for females. All the responses on items relating to adoption were between 4.0 and 5.0 which would mean agreeing and strongly agreeing respectively, hence the teachers were not using ICT in secondary schools. The hypothesis, HO1: There was no significant relationship between gender with adoption and use of ICT, male teachers ranked higher than female teachers on the use of IT for instructional support with mean ranks of 124.03 and 119.47 respectively after testing using Mann Whitney U test. The p value was 0.624 which was greater than P = 0.05 hence the hypothesis indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between gender with adoption and use of ICT. Findings of this study will provide a framework which will assist school managers make decisions on how to adopt and use ICT in schools. The study recommended that education stakeholders should give clear information on the adoption and use of ICT in secondary schools and establish the source of funds for maintenance, repairs and further acquisition of the necessary infrastructure amid enrolment explosion in public secondary schools. Also, teachers need to be empowered through both pre- service and continuous in-service training. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2829 Files in this item: 1
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