Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations: Recent submissions
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Now showing items 21-35 of 35
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Chege, Evalyne Njoki (Daystar University, School of Communication, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate how three Kenyan newspapers are managing the digital disruption, and sought to answer three research questions; 1) What is the impact of the mobile phone and Internet technologies on Kenyan daily newspapers? 2) What strategic responses are being executed by Kenyan daily newspapers in response to the digital disruption occasioned by the internet and the mobile phone? 3) What are the key influences behind these strategic responses, business models and proposed revenue streams? A qualitative approach was employed to conduct this research through a multiple case study research method. A multiple case study was used with the intention of testing the same research questions within different contexts while applying the same data generation techniques and analysis for each context. Three Kenyan dailies were studied in this research. The data generation tools included; in-depth interviews with 23 senior executives and senior editors, document reviews and participant observations. This inquiry found that the Kenyan newspapers under study are currently executing four main strategies in response to the digital disruption: protecting the old business, alternative sources of revenue, pivot to digital and culture change. Based on the findings, this study concludes that the Kenyan newspaper industry has yet to disrupt itself in the wake of increasing digitisation, and instead continues to grapple with challenges of digital disruption. Several recommendations are presented in this study, including the suggestion to normalise research to allow newspapers to understand their audiences. Areas for further research include a study on media consumption habits of Kenyan audiences Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3385 Files in this item: 1
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Mwaringa, Daniel Katama (Daystar University, School of Communication, November , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: This study investigated the youth’s uses of mobile phones and how this use impacted on communication in the family. As an agent of socialization, the family is the custodian of values, beliefs and practices. The study examined the technology’s impact on youth’s everyday communication with their parents and the relationship between the use of mobile phones in the sustenance of family values and relationships in the family. Guided by the Symbolic Interactionism Theory which emphasizes that people’s behavior is based on personal social constructs, the study examined how selected individuals in Mvita Sub County in Mombasa County responded to the meanings they constructed as they interacted using mobile phones. Using the Phenomenology research design, the study purposively sampled 12 households comprising of 13 youth respondents and 15 parental figures who were subjected to in-depth interviews whose data was analyzed qualitatively. The findings revealed that most youth preferred mobile phone communication with their families demonstrating decreased desire for the face to face interaction. Most youth in this study revealed that they were freer in communicating with their parents on phone as opposed to face to face. A majority of the parents stated that mobile phones had a deleterious effect on family ways of life. The youth conveniently and deceptively used technology to an extent of generating certain negative interactive behaviors. The study diagnosed such negative behaviors from this disruptive technology as symptomatic of ‘Mobileosis’ which is characterized by a layered dialectical tension among the users-the entrapped enamored youths and their almost clueless parents who were silenced in expressing their disapproval of the impact of the phone usage practices. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication Studies URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3378 Files in this item: 1
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Ngesa, Maureen Onyango (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, August , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: This quasi-experimental study tested the efficacy of a Modified Complicated Grief Therapy (MCGT) in treating complicated grief (CG) among orphaned children in selected public primary schools in Siaya County. The study had 241 participants comprising orphaned children aged 10-15 years. The participants were grouped into treatment and control groups, and only the treatment group received 12 weeks of the MCGT intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the participants’ grief prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics. Pearson correlation coefficient (p) and linear regression helped to determine the risk factors associated with CG, while t-tests were used to assess the efficacy of the MCGT intervention. The prevalence of grief among the participants was 66%. Over half of the participants were paternal orphans (56.5%), most had lost their parents through sickness (74.2%), and almost half had also lost a sibling (48.9%). The number of siblings, separation from siblings, and perceived level of closeness to deceased mother (prior to her death) showed significant association with CG. In contrast, age, gender, perceived level of closeness to deceased father (before his death), and cultural factors did not show significant association with CG. The MCGT was effective in the reduction of CG symptoms with an average total reduction of 16.75 points in the 12 weeks, and a weekly average reduction of 1.29 scores. The study recommends that MCGT be included as a component in all programs targeting orphaned and vulnerable children, be adopted as a school-based grief program, and be used in capacity building for guidance and counseling teachers and practicing therapists. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3377 Files in this item: 1
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Owino, Ruth (Daystar University, School of Communication, May , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: This study sought to critically analyse the strategic and political dimensions of government communication by focusing on PSCU, OGS, and Ministry of ICT. The objectives were to; Determine the structures and processes of communication, Investigate whether communication is strategically managed; Examine the role of the political system on the operations of communication; and, the extent to which government communication facilitates citizen participation. The study was grounded on excellence and deliberative democracy theories. A single-case (embedded) design was adopted and the target population was the communication professionals working at PSCU, OGS, and Ministry of ICT. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data was thematically analysed. The study found out that government communication was transitional, its structures were defined by the existing political power and governance structure. The structures and processes were decentralized, fragmented and tactical. The findings indicated that government communication lacked the overarching strategy, was poorly coordinated and had short-term plans hence contradicting messages. The findings also indicated that there were two cadres of professionals: political appointees and civil servants, however the two cadres were not well managed and coordinated. Further the study found out that the internet provided new possibilities for transparency and citizen engagement, it provided new ways and channels of information dissemination and interaction. Government communication should be professionalised, be based on frameworks and policies that are encultured on the precept of strategic communication. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3376 Files in this item: 1
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Kibuthu, Rosemary Wangui (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Men who have sex with men remain at great risk of HIV and AIDS infection. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of multimodal therapy (MMT) in risky sexual behaviour reduction in HIV and AIDS prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nairobi County, Kenya. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control-group design with baseline and end line assessments was adapted, targeting a population of 4000 MSM. The sample size was 188: experimental, 94, and the control group, 94. Two sites: HOYMAS (experimental group) and Ishtar (control group), were purposely selected but randomly assigned to the respective groups. For data collection, the Family Health International (FHI, 2000) Behavioural Surveillance Survey (BSS) questionnaire was adapted, and analysis of the data was done using causal-comparative and inferential statistics. The study findings showed that MMT was effective in reducing HIV and AIDS risky sexual behaviour transmission among MSM in Kenya (p<0.0001). Group mean estimates on consistent condom use in the experimental group and that of multiple sexual partners’ was statistically significant at P<0.0001. Further, age, religion, education, and marital status were associated with consistent condom use at p<0.05. Additionally, sexual impulse, MSM social affiliations, and HAART were reported to be the greatest barriers to HIV and AIDS risky behaviour change among the respondents at p=0.022. Finally, respondents already doing something to prevent HIV and AIDS spread were found to be more likely to use a condom consistently and avoid multiple partners (p=0.004). The study recommends the need for HIV and AIDS prevention stakeholders, including the Kenya government, to adapt MMT as a personalized self-help HIV and AIDS transmission prevention strategy for those not infected. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3374 Files in this item: 1
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Gathuci, Rahab W. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: In many universities, there is a struggle with the issue of students’ alcohol use resulting in alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study sought to establish the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI) therapy in reducing AUD among Mount Kenya University (MKU) students. The study was guided by the social learning and stages of change theories. Quasi-experimental research design and quantitative methods of data collection were used. A sample of 105 respondents, aged 18-26 years, with an average age of 22 years was selected through stratified purposeful sampling. In order to assess for the efficacy of MI, a social-demographic questionnaire was used to capture respondents’ demographic information, a Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) to screen for depression, a Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to screen for anxiety, and an AUD Identification Test (AUDIT) to screen for AUD. Depression and anxiety were the comorbidity disorders of interest in this study. Screening was done at baseline, midline, and end line. The data was collected from two MKU campuses: Nairobi and Nakuru and was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. As per the results, the male respondents with AUD were higher (10.9%) as opposed to the female ones (5.5%); the prevalence of AUD among the respondents was 16.3%; and MI therapy was efficacious in reducing symptoms of AUD among the respondents (p=0.0001). It is recommended that counselors in universities apply MI for the effective intervention of AUD among the university students. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3373 Files in this item: 1
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Mugambi, Priscilla (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents thus, necessitating effective interventional measures for those at risk. The effectiveness of DBT PE in the Kenyan population had not been ascertained before this study. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) in treating Suicidal Behavior (SB) among adolescents with SB, Depressive Disorders (DD), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) in Nairobi County. The study objectives were to establish the prevalence of SB, DD, and PTSD; determine the severity of SB; examine the risk factors for SB; assess the relationship between PTSD and DD; and evaluate the efficacy of DBT PE in treating SB. Both cognitive-behavioral and biosocial theories were used to inform the development and intervention for the disorders. The quasi-experimental design was used. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Beck's Depression Inventory. From the 1,040 students who were assessed at baseline, a study sample of 104 students was purposively selected. The experimental group received DBT PE treatment but the control group did not. Both groups were evaluated from baseline, midline to end-line. Data was keyed into statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24 and analyzed. The study established SB prevalence (21.5%) and that of comorbid DD, PTSD and SB (15.0%). SB, DD, and PTSD had a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.48 to 0.653, p <0.001). The efficacy of DBT PE was established in treatment of SB, DD and PTSD. The study recommends early assessment of the disorders in schools and inclusion of DBT PE in life skills lessons and in the Kenya national suicide prevention plan for the treatment of adolescents and young adults. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3367 Files in this item: 1
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Ochieng-Munda, Preskilla Akoth (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Adolescents living in informal settlements are likely to be exposed to multiple traumatic events, possibly leading to disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study assessed the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS) in alleviating PTSD symptoms among adolescents living in informal settlements in Kajiado County, Kenya. Functional descriptive model of posttraumatic growth and organismic valuing process theories were applied in the study carried out at Embulbul and Enoomatasiani primary schools. Through simple random sampling, a sample of 212 was achieved, and via quasi-experimental design, the schools were purposely sampled and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS-5-R) was applied to include participants aged 10-14 years in grades 5-7 and with scores of 31 to 60. The experimental group received 10 weekly CBITS sessions. Both groups were assessed at baseline, midline, and end line using SDQ, CPSS-5-R, MSPSS, and PTGI-C-R. The study data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, with the aid of SPSS version 20. PTSD was found to have a prevalence rate of 40.8% whereas gender was associated with PTSD: males n=90; mean=42.02: 95% CI [40.18-43.91]; females n=104; 45.56: 95% CI [43.61-47.50], (F1,192)=6.577, p=0.011). There was a difference [F(1,192)=7.796, p=0.006] between the respondents who had experienced physical violence (n=121; mean=45.40: 95% CI [43.65-47.16]) and those who had not (n=71; mean=41.48: 95% CI [39.37-43.59]). A positive correlation [0.331(p<0.001)] was found between absenteeism and PTSD, and CBITS was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD [t(94)=-6.935, p=0.000]. The findings can be applied by the Kenya Ministry of Health to revamp policies that enhance access to psychological care for adolescents. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3362 Files in this item: 1
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Ndegwa, Jacinta (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Depression is common among university students and despite the methods provided for its intervention, the prevalence of depression among university students remains higher than in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Social Skills Training (SST) as an intervention for depression among university students in two Kenyan public universities. The study was informed by Lewinsohn’s behavioral theory of depression (Lewinsohn, 1974) and Wendy Treynor's theory of Depression (Treynor, 2009). Quasi-experimental research design was utilized with purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 273 participants for both Social Skills Training (SST) (n=136) and control (n=137) groups. The study data was collected using a social demographic questionnaire and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The reliability and validity of the instruments used were noted to be excellent. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Means of the data from experimental and control groups were compared at baseline, at three months and at six months after intervention. The findings showed that the students who went through the SST intervention were found to have a significant reduction of depression levels compared to those who did not go through the intervention. This indicated that the mean differences between the two groups was significant (P=0.0001). From the findings, the study concluded that SST is an effective intervention for depression among university students. This study then makes a recommendation to the universities’ management to adopt and implement a SST program among the students. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3355 Files in this item: 1
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Rukunga, Caroline K. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Children affected by HIV-related loss go through considerable levels of physical and psychosocial challenges which may result into psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Art Therapy in treating depression and anxiety in children of ages 8-12, with HIV- related loss in Chosen Children of Promise (CCP) and Amka Health Project (AHP), in Nairobi County, Kenya. A quasi-experimental research design involving experimental and control groups was conducted using 100 participants, 50 from each organization who met the inclusion criteria. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select the required sample size. The research instruments included social demographic questionnaire, Children Depression Inventory (CDI), and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). The reliability and validity of the above instruments is assured as studies have indicated that SCARED has good psychometric properties for children and adolescents of different cultures and CDI has good psychometric properties of a=.71-.94. Art Therapy (AT), specifically Tree of Life (ToL) was used to treat Anxiety and Depression. Study findings revealed a depression prevalence of 58.1% and an anxiety prevalence of 88.6%. The DiD estimates showed a declining trend on depression and anxiety scores of the participants depicting a highly statistically significant reduction in symptoms at endline (p= <0.0001), implying that Art Therapy was effective in treating both disorders. It is recommended that organizations and individuals dealing with children affected by HIV-related loss can offer them culturally and developmentally appropriate evidence-based interventions in order to promote their psychological well-being. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3353 Files in this item: 1
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Wamunyu, Irene Wambui (Daystar University, School of Communication, November , 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: The incorporation of digital technologies in for-profit newsrooms has led to disruptions in journalism hierarchies, business models, norms, and practices across the world. In African newsrooms, these disruptions have received a paucity of scholarly attention, and even those have tended towards policy and regulatory matters, or normative analyses founded on the Western liberal democratic model. This study interrogated the incorporation of the web in Kenyan journalistic practice by following the process as undertaken at Capital FM, the country’s pioneer commercial radio station. The study set out to establish the human and technological actors engaged in journalistic practice at Capital FM, as well as determine the nature of interaction among those actors, and the outcomes of those interactions. The research used a socio-technical theoretical lens and applied case study research design with four data collection tools, namely observation, interviews, netnography, and document review. The study used a six-step framework to reduce, organise and evaluate the data. Actor-network theory informed the identification of the actors, their interactions, and the outcomes of those interactions. A thematic analysis was also applied to more deeply interrogate and interpret the data. The two analytical approaches established that Capital FM practiced a networked journalism enacted by multiple human, technological and corporate actants, resulting in modifications and disruptions that were manifested in various efforts of labour, controversies, movement among actors, new roles, and spatial location. New roles were enrolled into journalistic practice, and new practices had become routinised. Audiences had acquired a powerful role through web metrics which informed journalists’ routines and sense of self-identity. Journalistic practice had a new definition, and the blurring of lines between editorial and promotional content had opened new lines of revenue generation even while disrupting the normative values underlying news production. Globalised practices, such as the use of open-source applications, had standardised aspects of the journalism enacted in geographically diverse networked newsrooms. The study also held that actor-network theory was useful in interrogating power dynamics within a networked newsroom context. The study further posited that a new type of commercial news media company had emerged in the Kenyan context, and was defined under the following thematic categories: organisational culture, key decision makers, content, revenue, and infrastructure. The study recommended greater collaboration and interaction between personnel in the two spatial locations to promote greater innovation around content development and an increased understanding among all of the web’s potential as a news platform. It also posited that the web was treated as an online version of a newspaper. This frequently limited the news content to two-dimensional presentations of news yet human actants in the news production process could make greater use of the web’s multimediality, hypertextuality, and interactivity. The study also called for greater reflection among media houses about the implications of the new revenue generation opportunities vis-à-vis journalistic practice. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3299 Files in this item: 1
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Ng’ang’a, Rebecca (School of communication, Daystar University, May , 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: The core of all development is communication that gives people ability to conceive of desired change, imagine how to change it and make a choice to change. This study aimed to establish what motivated some people to communicate in a way that influenced others to engage in beneficial and developmental actions. It also sought to establish what the people understood as development, how it would be realized, how they engaged with the people and got people involved in their transformation. The study used a qualitative research design to select ten Kenyans to share their life stories. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. Analysis focused on participants’ narratives, and especially those parts of their stories that responded to the research question- what motivated the participants to act for the benefit of others? From the findings, the participants were continually critical of their lives and that led them to searching for solutions. That left them with a sense of inner security that could have given the freedom to be authentic and ready to learn and share in the on-going social construction of reality that resulted in transformation. The study showed that a sense of self, curiosity, questioning, and trusting, caring and seeing new possibilities as necessary to positively influence other people leading to both personal and national development. The study concluded that communicative development is a combination of several factors including; family background, love of God and people, and interpersonal communication skills including speaking more than one language. The study recommends promotion of economic equity, strengthening family ties that incorporate ideals and aspirations which would inculcate in people unique, curious, and continuous learning with deep love for God and people. The study also recommends development of an African Communication Theory on what motivates communicative acts that lead to societal transformation. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3264 Files in this item: 1
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Muthoni, King’ori Esther (School of communication, Daystar University, October , 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: The growth of social media in Kenya has given rise to the phenomenon of blogging, an avenue of information dissemination from a personal perspective. Its spread has focused attention on various ethical issues that arise in relation to bloggers. These include the trustworthiness of blogs, the accuracy and fairness of their reports, and the appropriateness of allowing mainstream journalists to write personal opinions on their blogs. This study investigated blogging in Kenya with the hindsight of concerns that have been expressed in the media industry regarding the status of blogging and its ethical practice. The focus of the study was on bloggers who posted news on their blogs but not as part of mainstream media. The study explored the ethical frameworks used by Kenyan news bloggers who were not mainstream journalists, the ethical values that guided their work, their motivation for blogging, and whether they perceived their practice as unethical. The study used the exploratory research design because blogging is a fairly new phenomenon. Using a qualitative research approach to interrogate a purposively constructed sample, data was collected through in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion. Data analysis was done through thematic analysis of transcribed data. The key findings indicated that a likely normative ethical framework for news bloggers would intersperse libertarianism, social responsibility and democratic-participation. Findings further suggested that the Kenyan bloggers studied were not opposed to ethical standards for their practice, but that they would like to lead debate on the same. Bloggers who participated in the research also felt that claims that they were unethical were unfounded, suggesting that the accusations were an attempt to introduce censorship into the practice. A key recommendation that emerged from the study is the need for a multi-stakeholder forum comprising bloggers, the bloggers’ association, representatives from communication regulatory bodies, representatives from the media industry, experts from the communication sector, and communication scholars, to further debate the issue of standards for the blogging practice. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3253 Files in this item: 1
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Ndayikunda, Yves (School of communication, Daystar University, June , 2019)
[more][less]Abstract: We live in the age of democracy and democracy is not only possible in the societies where there is freedom of information and discussion (Riaz, 2007). E-democracy plays a big role transcending barriers associated with traditional means of participation in democracy. However to be efficient, e-democracy requires appropriate means and strategic integration with other existing means of communication. Following recent studies (Kumar, 2017) e-democracy is often studied in isolation and opposition with other existing means of communication. Thus, this study addressed this problem by approaching e-democracy from logic of continuum and complementarity with other means of participation in a global political communication perspective. Using mixed method research design, and guided by ‘uses and gratification’ and participatory democracy theories, this study sought to find out how Burundi citizens participate in e-democracy and their level of satisfaction as well as investigate Burundi’s ICTs policy framework in fostering democratic and civic engagement. Findings showed that Burundians participated in decision making by means of e-democracy, however, their level of satisfaction was moderate, citing a lack of sufficient consideration for online participation vis-à-vis the traditional media. Other findings include: fear of repression by the government, integration of communication in other means of communication, access to ICTs and use of social media in political arena and lack of e-democracy appropriate means of participation as notable challenges. This study shifted from dichotomies of determinism (technological, cultural) to an emerging balanced position that e-democracy is assessed well contextually. In conclusion, e-democracy has a lot of potential to enhance citizen participation in decision making but its efficacy must be anchored in democracy principles, two way communication perspective, and its integration with existing means of communication. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3252 Files in this item: 1
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Waiyaki, Winnie W. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, May , 2016)
[more][less]Abstract: This study focused on depression and anxiety among family caregivers (FCGs) of dialysis patients. Studies have shown that this population has an onerous caregiving burden with the patient requiring much care due to the unique demands of kidney failure. This leads to depression and anxiety in the FCGs which requires psychological intervention. Available interventions have constituted mainly of education on renal disease and very little on psychotherapeutic treatments for the FCGs. Therefore, this study tested a model of psychotherapy referred to as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Using a convenience sample in various hospitals in Nairobi, this quasi-experiment determined the severity of depression and anxiety among the FCGs, their social demographics (and those of their patients) and how these characteristics associated with the mental disorders in question. The sample had an experimental (n=49) and a control group (n=47). The participants were assessed using various psychological tools and a researcher-generated socio-demographic questionnaire. Only those who had depression and anxiety were included in the study. Assessments were done at baseline, midline and endline. Only the experimental group received the CBT. Data was analysed using inferential statistics. Chi-square, t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare the distribution of different variables within and between the study groups. Regressions were done to test the strength of associations between the variables. The results revealed that the FCGs had moderate depression and anxiety with an 85% comorbidity rate. Gender, residence with the patients, doing business while caregiving and education level of the patients were positively associated with depression and anxiety. CBT was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, from moderate to mild and normal. Hence, CBT was recommended as part of the treatment protocols for ESKD. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3151 Files in this item: 1
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Now showing items 21-35 of 35