Browsing Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations by Title
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Wamunyu, Irene Wambui (Daystar University, School of Communication, November , 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: The incorporation of digital technologies in for-profit newsrooms has led to disruptions in journalism hierarchies, business models, norms, and practices across the world. In African newsrooms, these disruptions have received a paucity of scholarly attention, and even those have tended towards policy and regulatory matters, or normative analyses founded on the Western liberal democratic model. This study interrogated the incorporation of the web in Kenyan journalistic practice by following the process as undertaken at Capital FM, the country’s pioneer commercial radio station. The study set out to establish the human and technological actors engaged in journalistic practice at Capital FM, as well as determine the nature of interaction among those actors, and the outcomes of those interactions. The research used a socio-technical theoretical lens and applied case study research design with four data collection tools, namely observation, interviews, netnography, and document review. The study used a six-step framework to reduce, organise and evaluate the data. Actor-network theory informed the identification of the actors, their interactions, and the outcomes of those interactions. A thematic analysis was also applied to more deeply interrogate and interpret the data. The two analytical approaches established that Capital FM practiced a networked journalism enacted by multiple human, technological and corporate actants, resulting in modifications and disruptions that were manifested in various efforts of labour, controversies, movement among actors, new roles, and spatial location. New roles were enrolled into journalistic practice, and new practices had become routinised. Audiences had acquired a powerful role through web metrics which informed journalists’ routines and sense of self-identity. Journalistic practice had a new definition, and the blurring of lines between editorial and promotional content had opened new lines of revenue generation even while disrupting the normative values underlying news production. Globalised practices, such as the use of open-source applications, had standardised aspects of the journalism enacted in geographically diverse networked newsrooms. The study also held that actor-network theory was useful in interrogating power dynamics within a networked newsroom context. The study further posited that a new type of commercial news media company had emerged in the Kenyan context, and was defined under the following thematic categories: organisational culture, key decision makers, content, revenue, and infrastructure. The study recommended greater collaboration and interaction between personnel in the two spatial locations to promote greater innovation around content development and an increased understanding among all of the web’s potential as a news platform. It also posited that the web was treated as an online version of a newspaper. This frequently limited the news content to two-dimensional presentations of news yet human actants in the news production process could make greater use of the web’s multimediality, hypertextuality, and interactivity. The study also called for greater reflection among media houses about the implications of the new revenue generation opportunities vis-à-vis journalistic practice. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3299 Files in this item: 1
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Mwangi, Susan Wanja (Daystar University, School of Communication, November , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: This study focused on community radio in Kenya with an emphasis on the changing nature of community access and participation due to the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in community radio broadcasting. The objectives of the study were to determine how the internet and mobile phones are incorporated into community radio stations, examine the role of ICTs in promoting community participation through the decision making and content production in community radio, and investigate the extent to which ICTs enhance community access to community radio stations. This study was premised upon the domestication theory, the participatory culture model, and Fraser’s (1990) notion of alternative public sphere. It adopted a multiple case study design with the use of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document review, and observation for data collection. The findings showed that the radio stations under study, that is, Amani FM, Bus Radio FM, and Kangema RANET FM, demonstrated that they had adapted digital technologies, although the community members did not fully participate in the decision-making process of the stations. The ICTs helped them improve the quality of the radio stations’ programmes, gather news and information, interact with their audiences, and communicate with their sponsors and donors at a greater scale. However, most of the participants still preferred to listen to radio programmes through traditional radio instead of using the internet, social media, or mobile phones. This study recommends that when integrating community radio with ICTs, the needs, perceptions, and expectations of the community radio station and potential challenges that this integration may bring to the community around it should be considered. The access of the community to the ICTs and their level of digital literacy should also be considered. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3962 Files in this item: 1
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Ochieng-Munda, Preskilla Akoth (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Adolescents living in informal settlements are likely to be exposed to multiple traumatic events, possibly leading to disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study assessed the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS) in alleviating PTSD symptoms among adolescents living in informal settlements in Kajiado County, Kenya. Functional descriptive model of posttraumatic growth and organismic valuing process theories were applied in the study carried out at Embulbul and Enoomatasiani primary schools. Through simple random sampling, a sample of 212 was achieved, and via quasi-experimental design, the schools were purposely sampled and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS-5-R) was applied to include participants aged 10-14 years in grades 5-7 and with scores of 31 to 60. The experimental group received 10 weekly CBITS sessions. Both groups were assessed at baseline, midline, and end line using SDQ, CPSS-5-R, MSPSS, and PTGI-C-R. The study data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, with the aid of SPSS version 20. PTSD was found to have a prevalence rate of 40.8% whereas gender was associated with PTSD: males n=90; mean=42.02: 95% CI [40.18-43.91]; females n=104; 45.56: 95% CI [43.61-47.50], (F1,192)=6.577, p=0.011). There was a difference [F(1,192)=7.796, p=0.006] between the respondents who had experienced physical violence (n=121; mean=45.40: 95% CI [43.65-47.16]) and those who had not (n=71; mean=41.48: 95% CI [39.37-43.59]). A positive correlation [0.331(p<0.001)] was found between absenteeism and PTSD, and CBITS was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD [t(94)=-6.935, p=0.000]. The findings can be applied by the Kenya Ministry of Health to revamp policies that enhance access to psychological care for adolescents. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3362 Files in this item: 1
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Onyalla, Don Bosco (Daystar University, School of Communication, October , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Journalism scholars argue that professional news journalism is in crisis. To establish the extent of such crisis, context- and culture-based research has been recommended. Some scholars have identified news negativity and source bias among the problems of professional news journalism, aspects that combine to show a disregard for public interest. Employing mixed methods research design, this study sought to gain insight into professional news journalism practice in Kenya from three perspectives: news valence, the diversity of news sourcing channels, and the diversity of news actors. Quantitative data was collected through quantitative content analysis of headlines and stories (n = 1,132) from seven major news-making events in a six-year period (2015-2020) across four Kenyan national newspapers. Qualitative data was generated through in-depth interviews with 25 journalists involved in the coverage of the seven events. The findings showed an overall bias toward negative valence and a strong portrayal of conflict-driven journalism; limited sourcing, characterized by an overwhelming dominance of journalists’ analyses; a heavy reliance on official sources; a journalism practice that leans toward news-for-profit rather than news-for-information through low-cost and easy-to-access strategies; and a systemic bias toward the elites, and against ordinary citizens. This evidence-based position regarding news valence and source diversity in Kenyan mainstream newspapers can facilitate precise responses to the concerns about news negativity and source bias. This can serve the interests of Kenya’s professional news journalists, media managers, institutions of journalism, media scholars, and policymakers within the context of the news media industry. Based on this study’s findings, policies in the news media industry can be updated in view of fostering the interests of 21st century audiences. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3817 Files in this item: 1
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Owino, Ruth (Daystar University, School of Communication, May , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: This study sought to critically analyse the strategic and political dimensions of government communication by focusing on PSCU, OGS, and Ministry of ICT. The objectives were to; Determine the structures and processes of communication, Investigate whether communication is strategically managed; Examine the role of the political system on the operations of communication; and, the extent to which government communication facilitates citizen participation. The study was grounded on excellence and deliberative democracy theories. A single-case (embedded) design was adopted and the target population was the communication professionals working at PSCU, OGS, and Ministry of ICT. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data was thematically analysed. The study found out that government communication was transitional, its structures were defined by the existing political power and governance structure. The structures and processes were decentralized, fragmented and tactical. The findings indicated that government communication lacked the overarching strategy, was poorly coordinated and had short-term plans hence contradicting messages. The findings also indicated that there were two cadres of professionals: political appointees and civil servants, however the two cadres were not well managed and coordinated. Further the study found out that the internet provided new possibilities for transparency and citizen engagement, it provided new ways and channels of information dissemination and interaction. Government communication should be professionalised, be based on frameworks and policies that are encultured on the precept of strategic communication. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3376 Files in this item: 1
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Rukunga, Caroline K. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Children affected by HIV-related loss go through considerable levels of physical and psychosocial challenges which may result into psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Art Therapy in treating depression and anxiety in children of ages 8-12, with HIV- related loss in Chosen Children of Promise (CCP) and Amka Health Project (AHP), in Nairobi County, Kenya. A quasi-experimental research design involving experimental and control groups was conducted using 100 participants, 50 from each organization who met the inclusion criteria. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select the required sample size. The research instruments included social demographic questionnaire, Children Depression Inventory (CDI), and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). The reliability and validity of the above instruments is assured as studies have indicated that SCARED has good psychometric properties for children and adolescents of different cultures and CDI has good psychometric properties of a=.71-.94. Art Therapy (AT), specifically Tree of Life (ToL) was used to treat Anxiety and Depression. Study findings revealed a depression prevalence of 58.1% and an anxiety prevalence of 88.6%. The DiD estimates showed a declining trend on depression and anxiety scores of the participants depicting a highly statistically significant reduction in symptoms at endline (p= <0.0001), implying that Art Therapy was effective in treating both disorders. It is recommended that organizations and individuals dealing with children affected by HIV-related loss can offer them culturally and developmentally appropriate evidence-based interventions in order to promote their psychological well-being. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3353 Files in this item: 1
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James, Naomi (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, May , 2016)[more][less]
Abstract: This study set to establish the effectiveness of behavior and rational emotive behavior therapies (REBT) in treating conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents. The objectives of the study were to establish the prevalence of conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents, determine the exposure of juveniles to distressful situations and determine the effectiveness of behavior and REBT therapies in treating conduct disorder. The study sample was drawn from Kabete and Wamumu rehabilitation schools in Nairobi and Kirinyaga counties respectively. A sample size of 94 respondents was drawn out of a population of 167 using purposive sampling procedure. This study used quasi-experimental design and quantitative data was collected in three time series. The Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self Report for ages 11-18 (2001) questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of conduct disorder. This questionnaire has proven validity and reliability of 0.82. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Studies (2011) and included bivariate, multivariate and multimodal analysis. The study established that the prevalence of conduct disorder was 36.5%, and respondents who presented with other psychological disorders were more likely to have conduct disorder: anxious depressed (OR=0.050, 95% CI: 0.110-0.255; p=<0.0001), internalizing anxiety (OR=0.067, CI: 0.024-0.187; p=<0.0001). Moreover, experiencing distressful events was significantly associated with the occurrence of conduct disorder. The study established a statistically significant reduction of conduct disorder symptoms from a mean of 19.96 at baseline to 8.26 at post-treatment two and this was significant at p<0.001, indicating the effectiveness of behavior and REBT therapies in treating conduct disorder. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that behavior and REBT therapies be integrated in the juveniles’ rehabilitation program. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology - abstract URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3533 Files in this item: 1
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Kiptinness, Evonne Mwangale (Daystar University School of Communication, October , 2021)[more][less]
Abstract: Interpersonal communication, and in particular provider-patient communication, is integral to health communication and benefits patient satisfaction, retention, and overall health outcomes. Kenya is one of six HIV/AIDS ‘high burden’ countries in Africa, with about 1.5 million people reported to be living with HIV at the end of 2019 and 6800 new infections among children. A contributing factor to these infections is the mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) during pregnancy, labour, delivery, or breastfeeding. Anchored on the convergence theory and social influence theory, a pre-post survey (N = 161), interviews (N = 2) and focus group discussions (N = 11) were employed to identify differences and determine challenges between mothers who receive support through the mentor mother program and their counterparts who do not have access to such support. The study also established the perceptions of mentor mothers on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in Homa Bay, Kenya. Study participants were selected using convenient sampling at Homa Bay County Teaching and Referral Hospital and Kandege Health Centre. Qualitative data was analysed using a Welch t-test, while thematic analysis using Dedoose was used for qualitative data. Findings showed that post-natal participants had significantly greater PMTCT knowledge (sig = 0.02) than post-intervention participants who had access to a mentor mother. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of attitudes, PMTCT practices, interpersonal communication, mutual understanding, compliance, identification, and internalization. The study recommends provision of interpersonal communication skills training for mentor mothers to better improve their impact in communities. Description: Doctor of philosophy In communication URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3907 Files in this item: 1
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Nzangi, Alice K. (Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, October , 2022)[more][less]
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) on depression among adolescents in selected Public Mixed Day and Boarding Secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was informed by interpersonal theory and choice theory. Multiple time-series design was used. A sample size of 84 adolescents in forms1, 2 and 3, aged 14 to 19years was used, with 42 participants assigned to the experiment group and 42 the control group. The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of IPT treatment while the control group continued with treatment as usual during the study period. The demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using a socio demographic questionnaire. Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the main tools used. Analysis of variance was done for data collected at baseline, midline and end line. The data revealed a general prevalence of depression at (58.9%). Depression was significantly high among the females and the form three participants (p = 0.000). Severity of depression was significant among the females as compared to the males (p = 0.000). Being day scholars, and whom the participant lived with were found to be risk factors to depression. A positive correlation at 2 tailed was found to exist between depression and PTSD (r = .336**; p = 0.000). The findings of this study showed that IPT was effective in treating depression among adolescents. Based on the findings, IPT was recommended in management of depression and improvement of mental health in adolescents in secondary school. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4018 Files in this item: 1
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Nzangi, Alice K. (Daystar University School of Applied Human Sciences, October , 2022)[more][less]
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) on depression among adolescents in selected Public Mixed Day and Boarding Secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was informed by interpersonal theory and choice theory. Multiple time-series design was used. A sample size of 84 adolescents in forms1, 2 and 3, aged 14 to 19years was used, with 42 participants assigned to the experiment group and 42 the control group. The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of IPT treatment while the control group continued with treatment as usual during the study period. The demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using a socio demographic questionnaire. Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were the main tools used. Analysis of variance was done for data collected at baseline, midline and end line. The data revealed a general prevalence of depression at (58.9%). Depression was significantly high among the females and the form three participants (p = 0.000). Severity of depression was significant among the females as compared to the males (p = 0.000). Being day scholars, and whom the participant lived with were found to be risk factors to depression. A positive correlation at 2 tailed was found to exist between depression and PTSD (r = .336**; p = 0.000). The findings of this study showed that IPT was effective in treating depression among adolescents. Based on the findings, IPT was recommended in management of depression and improvement of mental health in adolescents in secondary school. Description: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4103 Files in this item: 1
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Mbiriri, Michael K. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, May , 2017)[more][less]
Abstract: Behavioural problems have remained a critical problem among girls incarcerated in rehabilitation schools. The strategies that have been put in place by the government of Kenya seem not to be fully effective in treating adolescents in rehabilitation centers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether multisystemic therapy (MST) would be effective in treating behavioural problems of incarcerated adolescent girls in the two out of ten government rehabilitation schools in Kenya. The researcher purposively sampled the only two girls’ government rehabilitation schools at Kirigiti and Dagoretti in Kiambu and Nairobi counties respectively. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with the two rehabilitation schools being randomly assigned into either treatment or control group. Quantitative method was used to collect the data through the use of questionnaire and Achenbach youth self-report (YSR) (11-18 years). Baseline data was first collected in the two sites. Those found with selected behavioural problems in the experimental sites were treated with MST. In the control site there was no intervention. In the third and six months after intervention, the researcher administered YSR to determine the level of selected behavioural problems in the two sites. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. T-test, Chi square, Anova as well as Ancova tests were carried. The prevalence rates for depression, anxienty disorder and conduct disorder were 66.7%, 70.5% and 55% respectively. In the experimental group the study shows statistically significance difference in mean differences scores at both post-treatment one and two (p<0.001). Therefore this is an indication that MST had an impact on post treatment one and two among juvenile delinquents in experimental as opposed to control groups. The results provide significant insights into effectiveness of MST on selected behavioral problems among juvenile girls incarcerated in rehabilitation schools Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3539 Files in this item: 1
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Ndegwa, Jacinta (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Depression is common among university students and despite the methods provided for its intervention, the prevalence of depression among university students remains higher than in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Social Skills Training (SST) as an intervention for depression among university students in two Kenyan public universities. The study was informed by Lewinsohn’s behavioral theory of depression (Lewinsohn, 1974) and Wendy Treynor's theory of Depression (Treynor, 2009). Quasi-experimental research design was utilized with purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 273 participants for both Social Skills Training (SST) (n=136) and control (n=137) groups. The study data was collected using a social demographic questionnaire and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The reliability and validity of the instruments used were noted to be excellent. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Means of the data from experimental and control groups were compared at baseline, at three months and at six months after intervention. The findings showed that the students who went through the SST intervention were found to have a significant reduction of depression levels compared to those who did not go through the intervention. This indicated that the mean differences between the two groups was significant (P=0.0001). From the findings, the study concluded that SST is an effective intervention for depression among university students. This study then makes a recommendation to the universities’ management to adopt and implement a SST program among the students. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3355 Files in this item: 1
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Waiyaki, Winnie W. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, May , 2016)
[more][less]Abstract: This study focused on depression and anxiety among family caregivers (FCGs) of dialysis patients. Studies have shown that this population has an onerous caregiving burden with the patient requiring much care due to the unique demands of kidney failure. This leads to depression and anxiety in the FCGs which requires psychological intervention. Available interventions have constituted mainly of education on renal disease and very little on psychotherapeutic treatments for the FCGs. Therefore, this study tested a model of psychotherapy referred to as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Using a convenience sample in various hospitals in Nairobi, this quasi-experiment determined the severity of depression and anxiety among the FCGs, their social demographics (and those of their patients) and how these characteristics associated with the mental disorders in question. The sample had an experimental (n=49) and a control group (n=47). The participants were assessed using various psychological tools and a researcher-generated socio-demographic questionnaire. Only those who had depression and anxiety were included in the study. Assessments were done at baseline, midline and endline. Only the experimental group received the CBT. Data was analysed using inferential statistics. Chi-square, t-tests and ANOVA were used to compare the distribution of different variables within and between the study groups. Regressions were done to test the strength of associations between the variables. The results revealed that the FCGs had moderate depression and anxiety with an 85% comorbidity rate. Gender, residence with the patients, doing business while caregiving and education level of the patients were positively associated with depression and anxiety. CBT was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, from moderate to mild and normal. Hence, CBT was recommended as part of the treatment protocols for ESKD. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3151 Files in this item: 1
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Mugambi, Priscilla (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents thus, necessitating effective interventional measures for those at risk. The effectiveness of DBT PE in the Kenyan population had not been ascertained before this study. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) in treating Suicidal Behavior (SB) among adolescents with SB, Depressive Disorders (DD), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) in Nairobi County. The study objectives were to establish the prevalence of SB, DD, and PTSD; determine the severity of SB; examine the risk factors for SB; assess the relationship between PTSD and DD; and evaluate the efficacy of DBT PE in treating SB. Both cognitive-behavioral and biosocial theories were used to inform the development and intervention for the disorders. The quasi-experimental design was used. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Beck's Depression Inventory. From the 1,040 students who were assessed at baseline, a study sample of 104 students was purposively selected. The experimental group received DBT PE treatment but the control group did not. Both groups were evaluated from baseline, midline to end-line. Data was keyed into statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24 and analyzed. The study established SB prevalence (21.5%) and that of comorbid DD, PTSD and SB (15.0%). SB, DD, and PTSD had a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.48 to 0.653, p <0.001). The efficacy of DBT PE was established in treatment of SB, DD and PTSD. The study recommends early assessment of the disorders in schools and inclusion of DBT PE in life skills lessons and in the Kenya national suicide prevention plan for the treatment of adolescents and young adults. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3367 Files in this item: 1
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Omungo, Ruth Mumo (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)[more][less]
Abstract: Anxiety and depression are common problems facing older people. They become intensified among older clergy, whose mental problems are framed not just by their age, but also by their vocational experiences. This study assessed the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as an intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms for older clergy, and focused on selected mainline Christian denominations in Nairobi, Kenya. The study used a convenient sample of n=132 participants aged 60 years and above. A quasi-experimental research design was used, with an experimental group being exposed to MBCT-SH therapy for twelve weeks and followed up for eight weeks. Data was collected via a socio-demographic questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Index (BDI). At the baseline about 90% of participants had either mild or moderate anxiety. For the control group, anxiety estimates grew by 9%, while for the treatment group they fell by 42%, hence the intervention was effective in this regard. For depression, about 52% of participants had mild or moderate depression. A significant effect was observed in relation to the interaction of the intervention and time whereby for the control group, depression estimates grew by 80% between the baseline and midline, while for the treatment group, they reduced by 40%, hence the intervention had a significant effect on depression levels. The participants found the MBCT convenient to use, informative on the contextualised causes, triggers, and manifestations of both anxiety and depression, and effective in reducing their symptoms. They however expressed reservations about the philosophical basis of MBCT, which they felt lacked biblical backing up. The findings give incipient evidence for the effectiveness of MBCT in reducing both the levels of anxiety and depression among older clergy and can help practitioners to develop integrative strategies to prevent and treat anxiety and depression. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3540 Files in this item: 1
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Gathuci, Rahab W. (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: In many universities, there is a struggle with the issue of students’ alcohol use resulting in alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study sought to establish the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI) therapy in reducing AUD among Mount Kenya University (MKU) students. The study was guided by the social learning and stages of change theories. Quasi-experimental research design and quantitative methods of data collection were used. A sample of 105 respondents, aged 18-26 years, with an average age of 22 years was selected through stratified purposeful sampling. In order to assess for the efficacy of MI, a social-demographic questionnaire was used to capture respondents’ demographic information, a Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) to screen for depression, a Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to screen for anxiety, and an AUD Identification Test (AUDIT) to screen for AUD. Depression and anxiety were the comorbidity disorders of interest in this study. Screening was done at baseline, midline, and end line. The data was collected from two MKU campuses: Nairobi and Nakuru and was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. As per the results, the male respondents with AUD were higher (10.9%) as opposed to the female ones (5.5%); the prevalence of AUD among the respondents was 16.3%; and MI therapy was efficacious in reducing symptoms of AUD among the respondents (p=0.0001). It is recommended that counselors in universities apply MI for the effective intervention of AUD among the university students. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3373 Files in this item: 1
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Kibuthu, Rosemary Wangui (Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, October , 2020)
[more][less]Abstract: Men who have sex with men remain at great risk of HIV and AIDS infection. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of multimodal therapy (MMT) in risky sexual behaviour reduction in HIV and AIDS prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nairobi County, Kenya. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control-group design with baseline and end line assessments was adapted, targeting a population of 4000 MSM. The sample size was 188: experimental, 94, and the control group, 94. Two sites: HOYMAS (experimental group) and Ishtar (control group), were purposely selected but randomly assigned to the respective groups. For data collection, the Family Health International (FHI, 2000) Behavioural Surveillance Survey (BSS) questionnaire was adapted, and analysis of the data was done using causal-comparative and inferential statistics. The study findings showed that MMT was effective in reducing HIV and AIDS risky sexual behaviour transmission among MSM in Kenya (p<0.0001). Group mean estimates on consistent condom use in the experimental group and that of multiple sexual partners’ was statistically significant at P<0.0001. Further, age, religion, education, and marital status were associated with consistent condom use at p<0.05. Additionally, sexual impulse, MSM social affiliations, and HAART were reported to be the greatest barriers to HIV and AIDS risky behaviour change among the respondents at p=0.022. Finally, respondents already doing something to prevent HIV and AIDS spread were found to be more likely to use a condom consistently and avoid multiple partners (p=0.004). The study recommends the need for HIV and AIDS prevention stakeholders, including the Kenya government, to adapt MMT as a personalized self-help HIV and AIDS transmission prevention strategy for those not infected. Description: Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3374 Files in this item: 1
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Karanja, Rahab (Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, October , 2022)[more][less]
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease that calls for long term management. People who have T2DM are reported to experience depression and anxiety symptoms compared to those who do not have. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in people diagnosed with T2DM in selected Sub-County Hospitals in Murang’a County. This study was based on Rational Emotive Behavioural Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study used quasi-experimental research design utilizing quantitative methods of data collection. The participants of the study were type 2 diabetic patients aged between 30-70 years. To sample the T2DM participants, purposive sampling method was applied. The study screened 161 patients with T2DM. The data collection instruments included socio-demographic questionnaire, Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to screen for depression symptoms and Becks Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for anxiety. Out of a sample of 161 patients with T2DM, 121 exhibited mild and moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study established a high prevalence of depression and anxiety at 85.1% and 95.7% respectively. Moreover, the study found that the mean scores for depression and anxiety symptoms decreased from baseline to endline in the experimental group indicating that REBT intervention was effective in reducing the symptoms. Regular screening for depression and anxiety among patients with T2DM needs to be done and an integration of medication and REBT be provided accordingly in the Kenyan context. Description: Dissertation URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4019 Files in this item: 1
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Karanja, Rahab (Daystar University School of Applied Human Sciences, October , 2022)[more][less]
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease that calls for long term management. People who have T2DM are reported to experience depression and anxiety symptoms compared to those who do not have. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in people diagnosed with T2DM in selected Sub-County Hospitals in Murang’a County. This study was based on Rational Emotive Behavioural Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study used quasi-experimental research design utilizing quantitative methods of data collection. The participants of the study were type 2 diabetic patients aged between 30-70 years. To sample the T2DM participants, purposive sampling method was applied. The study screened 161 patients with T2DM. The data collection instruments included socio-demographic questionnaire, Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to screen for depression symptoms and Becks Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for anxiety. Out of a sample of 161 patients with T2DM, 121 exhibited mild and moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study established a high prevalence of depression and anxiety at 85.1% and 95.7% respectively. Moreover, the study found that the mean scores for depression and anxiety symptoms decreased from baseline to endline in the experimental group indicating that REBT intervention was effective in reducing the symptoms. Regular screening for depression and anxiety among patients with T2DM needs to be done and an integration of medication and REBT be provided accordingly in the Kenyan context. Description: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Clinical Psychology URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4104 Files in this item: 1
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Njuki, Makena F. (Daystar University, School of Applied Human Sciences, July 1, 2023)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Solution-Focused Therapy when employed as a therapeutic intervention in the alleviation of symptoms associated with Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), Anxiety and Depression among women who had experienced IPV in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to; assess the prevalence of different forms of IPV, evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and IPV prevalence, examine predictors influencing the prevalence of IPV, establish the severity of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety and to establish the efficacy of Solution Focused Therapy among women with PTSD, Depression and Anxiety due to IPV in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used Concurrent Triangulation Research Design. Participants were women above the age of eighteen years. They were screened for PTSD, Anxiety and Depression using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). The therapeutic intervention took place on a weekly basis for a period of 10 weeks. After this, there was a midline assessment. Following the midline assessment there was no intervention for a period of three months, thereafter the end line assessment was carried out. The quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27, whereas the qualitative data was analyzed using In vivo coding. The study established that Solution Focused Therapy was an effective intervention in alleviating the symptoms of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety in women who had experienced IPV in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The final results demonstrated a notable reduction in the means of all the disorders in the experimental group from baseline to midline to endline [Depression (34.26;16.54;15.14), Anxiety (29.13;17.28;19.24) and PTSD (43.33;27.02;27.06)], whereas there was no noteworthy change in the means of all the disorders from baseline to midline to endline for the control group [Depression (32.25;34.39;32.40), Anxiety (27.83;27.69;28.53) and PTSD (45.09;42.25;42.43)]. The researcher recommended that due to the high prevalence of IPV, more counsellors need to be trained on SFT in both the public and private sector. Description: Thesis URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/4201 Files in this item: 1
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