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Abstract:
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The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis
and effective intervention.
academic performance
this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two
primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9
provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and
CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied
to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for
three months, while the control gro
using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM
SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru
data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi
ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between
baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the
findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher
prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3%
respectively. The comorbid conditio
and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social
conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and
religion.
and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline
and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in
children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so
as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial
personality disorde
ADHD since it presents as a comorbid condition.
Copyright © 2018, Susan Chang’orok et al. This is an open
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
INTRODUCTION
This main purpose of this study was to evaluate
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary
Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. According to Vanden
(2007), ODD is a childhood behavior disorder characterized by
recurrent disobedient, negativistic, or hostile behavior toward
authority figures than usually seen in children of similar age. It
manifests as temper tantrums, active defiance of rules,
dawdling, argumentativeness, stubbornness, or being easily
annoyed.
*Corresponding author: Susan Chang’orok,
Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSN: 0975-833X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.
Article History:
Received 30th July, 2018
Received in revised form
17th August, 2018
Accepted 24th September, 2018
Published online 30th October, 2018
Citation: Susan Chang’orok, Philemon Yugi, Winnie Waiyaki, and Alice Munene
Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya
Key Words:
Oppositional Defiant Disorder,
Cognitive Behavior Therapy,
Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior
Inventory,
Efficacy,
Prevalence,
Comorbidity,
Risk factors.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
AMONG CHILDREN IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Susan Chang’orok, 2Philemon Yugi, 1Winnie Waiyaki, and 1Alice Munene
Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Development Studies, Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya
ABSTRACT
The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis
and effective intervention. This is because of the effect it has on the child’s social functioning and
academic performance as well as the economic impact it has on their families. The main purpose for
this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with
itional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two
primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9
provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and
CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied
to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for
three months, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collected was analyzed
using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM
SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru
data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi-square analysis for association between
ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between
baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the difference in deference
findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher
prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3%
respectively. The comorbid condition associated with ODD was ADHD 78.3% and 47.8% teachers
and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social
conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and
religion. Cronbalch alpha of the CADBI tool showed reliability at (α =.918 to. 890) for both teachers
and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline
and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in
children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so
as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial
personality disorder depression and anxiety. |