Journal Articles: Recent submissions
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Now showing items 41-56 of 56
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Ojuade, Samuel O.; Munene, Alice; Mbutu, Paul (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the severity of suicide behaviors and co-existing mental disorders at Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kappa-Lagos, Nigeria. The sample size of 115 participants was selected at 80% power and 30% effective size using purposive sampling technique. The research used Suicide Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) to collect data. Data obtained from researcher-generated socio-economic demographic questionnaire and standardized psychological assessment tools was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and summarized in percentages. The results of the study show that suicide behaviors were more predominantly severe among participants aged 18-21 than participants aged 14-17. The prevalence of suicide behavior was noticed among female, university students, and Christians, especially the Pentecostals. In addition, the severity of suicidal behaviors was high among adolescents whose fathers were employed, whose mothers were jobless, whose family economic status was poor and slightly higher among adolescents whose parents lived together compared to those whose parents lived apart. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3021 Files in this item: 1
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James, Naomi (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The development of conduct disorder is linked to an interaction of various factors. Although some children will manifest with symptoms such as aggression, rebellion and emotional problems before the age of ten, conduct disorder occurs mostly from ten years and above. The purpose of this study was to establish some of the distressful events children with conduct disorder may have experienced. The study focused on identifying the association between exposure to distressful situations such as domestic violence, child abuse, death of a parent and the risks of developing conduct disorder. A total of 167 respondents aged between 13 and 17 years from Kabete and Wamumu rehabilitation schools in Kenya participated in this crosssectional study. A self-administered questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self Report for ages (11-18) (2001) were administered. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (2011). The prevalence of conduct disorder was 36.4%, while 71.9% of the respondents were found to have witnessed violence within their neighborhood. Additionally, 68.9% of the respondents found people in their neighborhood hostile to them, 62.9% felt neglected by their parents or caregivers, and 58.1% had parents who abused alcohol. Furthermore, 54.5% of the respondents reported that their parents or caregivers punished them with beatings, while 53.9% had been emotionally abused by their parents or caregivers. Out of the distressful events variables investigated for association with conduct disorder, parents or caregivers fighting with weapons and witnessing parents or caregivers fight physically at home had a strong link. Moreover, respondents whose parents or caregivers abused alcohol or who were neglected had higher risks of developing conduct disorder. These findings show that the prevalence of conduct disorder was high among juvenile delinquents and that the occurrence of the disorder was associated with distressful events experienced. This calls for interventions aimed at training parents on effective parenting skills, providing a safe home environment and appropriate treatment for juveniles with conduct disorder. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3020 Files in this item: 1
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Ndegwa, Stephen (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The rise in drug use and abuse among university students in Kenya and the resultant adverse effects have led to a simultaneous increase in the number of students in need of professional help. This study set out to evaluate the cognitive-behavioral coping skills therapy (CBST) as a treatment intervention. The study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of CBST among students using drugs and their academic achievements. A quasi-experimental design was employed on a sample of 78 respondents from Daystar University, Athi River campus. Respondent-driven sampling technique was used to select the sample. The respondents were assessed using various psychological tools and only those who met the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening and Test (ASSIST) criteria of moderate and high risk in their alcohol and cannabis use were included in the study. CBST was applied on the respondents and two post assessments were done after the intervention. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics that included t-tests, ANOVA, chi square, linear and logistic regressions. Treating university students who used drugs with CBST resulted in observable change in behavior, which indicated that CBST was effective. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3019 Files in this item: 1
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Waiyaki, Winnie (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: End stage kidney disease (ESKD) signifies that the kidney has failed to work. Henceforth, in the absence of a kidney transplant, the work of the kidney is carried out by the process known as dialysis. A diagnosis of ESKD and subsequent dialysis results in major lifestyle changes in the family. It also calls for drastic measures in caregiving for the patient as changes occur in medication and diet. With time, one member of the family, referred to as the Family Caregiver (FCG) becomes responsible for all the patient’s care. Studies have shown that this caregiving burden may compromise the FCG’s health, resulting in, among other mental disorders, anxiety. However, this has not been studied enough and therefore there is need to consider the incidence of and factors associated with anxiety among FCGs of dialysis patients. In a cross-sectional study, using a convenience sample of 96 FCGs and their patients in various private hospitals in Nairobi and using the Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), this study determined the mean anxiety score among the FCGs as 18.9, indicating moderate anxiety. The results demonstrate the following aspects as being significantly associated with elevated anxiety levels: residing away from the patient, educational level of the patients, and doing other work, paticularly business, apart from caring for the patient. These findings are relevant for clinical practice for all those involved in the care including the FCGs, medical community and psychologists. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3018 Files in this item: 1
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Musau, Josephine; Munene, Alice; Khasakhala, Lincoln (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: Traumatic experiences have a psycho-social impact, not only on the survivors of such experiences, but also on the society. Over the years, it has become evident that a significant number of the survivors of potentially traumatic events such as human conflicts and violence may suffer from long-term psychosocial, physiological, emotional and spiritual effects. The resultant post-election violence (PEV) following the disputed 2007 presidential result in Kenya exposed to inhuman treatment and horrific experiences. Therefore, this study sought to document the types and forms of traumatic events the survivors were exposed to at baseline. A sample of 139 respondents was obtained through purposive sampling. The findings indicated that Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) underwent displacements, loss of property and significant others, sexual atrocities, and suffered traumatic grief. These severe traumatic events resulted in highly prevalent PTSD and DD disorders, at 62.1% and 63.3% respectively. Based on the study findings, it was recommended that the government through the Ministry of Devolution and Planning, other interested stakeholders and psychological service providers could have trained personnel to handle the aftermath of human conflict appropriately to avert human suffering. The study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The target population comprised both adult females and males, from a total of 196 households. The sample was obtained through purposive sampling where the respondents filled out: a socio-demographic, Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms-Adult* *National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale (NSESSS) and Beck’s depression questionnaires.The findings indicate that IDPs resident at Maai Mahiu camp underwent severe traumatic events, which resulted in highly prevalent PTSD and DD disorders at 62.1% and 63.3%, respectively. Based on these study findings, it was recommended that stakeholders and psychological service providers should have trained personnel to handle the aftermath of human conflicts appropriately to avert human suffering. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3017 Files in this item: 1
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Gitonga, Monica; Muriungi, Susan; Ongaro, Kennedy; Omondi, M. (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017)
[more][less]Abstract: Conduct disorder (CD) is a behavioral emotional mental disorder associated with a host of negative and social outcomes among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD and establish the relationship between CD and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Cluster and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 611 participants out of the 840 study population in the two sites. Data was collected by administering a socio-demographic questionnaire (SDQ) and a standardized conduct disorder scale (CDS). Measures of central tendencies, bivariate and multivariate analysis were computed using SPSS version 21. The key findings of the study were that overall CD prevalence was 31.4%, with males having a higher prevalence than females p=0.009, CD increased with respondents’ age (p=0.008), religion significantly impacted on CD prevalence either as a precipitating or as a protective factor (p=0.041). CD being a behavioral emotional disorder and the prevalence being this significantly high call for appropriate psychological interventions. Based on the findings, the study recommends capacity building of principals and teachers so as to be able to identify CD tendencies among students. Further, the study suggests effective treatment for CD in order to help curb the emergence of CD among the students while reducing the burden of disease on parents of affected adolescents, the school and the community. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3016 Files in this item: 1
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Nyagwencha, Stella; Munene, Alice; James, Naomi (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: Adolescents are at a high risk of exposure to possible abuse due to their vulnerability and dependence on caregivers. The objective of this study was to establish the types of abuse experienced by adolescents with mild and moderate symptoms of anxiety disorder and living in charitable children’s institutions (CCIs). Data was collected from three CCIs in Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample size was made up of 115 adolescents who gave informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. The respondents were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire, which was asking questions about socio-demographic characteristics and previous experiences of abuse. The respondents also completed Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to be able to establish the presence and severity of symptoms of anxiety disorder. Respondents who experienced neglect were 60.9% while 42.1% experienced emotional abuse. Those who experienced physical abuse were 26.1% while 13.0% experienced sexual abuse. Males had a higher mean in physical abuse and neglect while females had a higher mean in sexual abuse and emotional abuse. These study findings are important because they would inform policy makers on the types of abuse adolescents living in CCIs have experienced and add to the existing body of knowledge on abuse among adolescents. Further, this information would enable policy makers to integrate treatment and prevention programs for abused adolescents living in CCIs. It is such abuses which were responsible for these adolescents ending up in CCIs in the first place. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3015 Files in this item: 1
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Waiyaki, Winnie (African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2018)
[more][less]Abstract: The incidence of depression is high among family caregivers (FCGs) of End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Little has been done to find a model of therapy that will alleviate its symptoms in this population. This study aimed at testing a model of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy that would assist FCGs. With a diagnosis of ESKD the lifestyle of the patient’s family is drastically complicated and is surrounded by the demands of dialysis, the FCG undergoes a lot of stressors, referred to as the caregiver burden. According to the Kenya Renal Association, chronic kidney disease, which results in ESKD is on the rise with one million Kenyans already having the disease. This is said to be increasing with ten thousand new cases per year. Among other things, this implies a corresponding increase in caregivers’ burden and specifically depression. Thus, studies have called for effective psychological interventions as available interventions have mainly constituted education on renal disease and very little on psychotherapeutic treatments for the FCGs. This study therefore tested a model of psychotherapy referred to as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) specifically on depression in this population. It used a convenience sample of 96 participants in various private hospitals in Nairobi. The sample was divided into experimental (n=49) and control groups (n=47). A quasi-experiment was done to determine the efficacy of CBT in reducing the symptoms of depression in the participants by applying the treatment to the experimental group. Data was analysed using inferential statistics. The results revealed that FCGs had moderate depression, among other mental disorders. CBT was found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression from moderate to mild and normal. Hence, CBT was recommended as part of the treatment protocols for ESKD URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3014 Files in this item: 1
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Cheruiyot, Jane Kositany (Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019)
[more][less]Abstract: Children growing up in prison with imprisoned mothers are faced with many challenges. The Kenyan laws allow toddlers to stay with their incarcerated mothers in prison up to the age of four. Definitely, the children who live in prison are not criminals and as such should not be subjected to any treatment and environment that reduces their human basic natural rights. It is against this backdrop that this paper assessed the challenges of children in prison with their mothers in Lang’ata Women’s Maximum Prison. Specifically, the paper assessed the social, psychological and educational challenges. The paper was intended to influence the justice system in the best interest of the child. The study used a naturalistic design which was purely qualitative in nature to collected data. The researcher purposively sampled only women with their children in the prison. The data collected was analysed using content analysis to generate qualitative report which was presented in a continuous prose and verbatim citations. The social development challenges were mostly observed. The study found out that prisoners were subjected to severe overcrowding, insufficient food supply, mothers had to share their portion with the children, poor sanitary conditions, inadequate water supply and bedding. Police and prison guards subjected prisoners to torture and inhuman treatment such as handcuffing, punishing and shouting at the mothers in front of the children causes psychological trauma to the children. It further found that there are no enough learning materials at the centre. In conclusion, whatever is done in all actions considering children, whether undertaken by private or public social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interest of the child shall be a main consideration. Both the society and the government should operationalize this fact. Description: Daystar University (School of Human & Social Sciences) and African Institute of Children Studies URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3013 Files in this item: 1
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The Advancement of Justice for Institutionalised Children with Disabilities in Remand Homes in KenyaGowi, Ruby; Olumbe, Roseline Shimuli (Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019)
[more][less]Abstract: This study examined the needs of children with disabilities in Nairobi Children’s Remand Home (NCRH). Children with disabilities stay at the remand home for a longer period as compared to non-impaired children, and sometimes the period is beyond the limit permitted by law. The objectives of this study were to identify the types of special needs among institutionalised children at NCRH; establish the psychosocial needs of the children at NCRH; and explore challenges faced by NCRH caregivers. The study adopted a descriptive design and combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection and analysis. Data was collected through interviews, self-administered questionnaires and observation checklist from 15 children and 20 staff members in the home purposively selected. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. The study revealed that children at the remand home had different types of needs, which included; hearing, lower limbs, and upper body impairments, speech and learning difficulties, emotional maladjustments and psychosocial needs. Most of these needs were found to be inadequately met due to challenges faced by the home, such as lack of financial and professional capacity. The study recommended that government should increase the material and personnel resources allocated to the remand home, and that the institutional staff should be equipped to build their capacity in handling children with special needs. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3012 Files in this item: 1
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Mutunga, Daniel (Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019)
[more][less]Abstract: Imprisonment has been used as a means of punishment and correction since the 18th Century. Different professionals have discussed the role of imprisonment as punishment and how it has reduced crime and rehabilitated offenders, but criminologists have paid little attention to the effects of imprisonment on the children of imprisoned parents despite their magnitude. These children, whose number and condition are not well known, are referred to as “the forgotten victims of the system of punishment”. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the plight of these millions of children. Using Kenya as an example, the paper assessed the effects of imprisonment of parent offenders on the life of their children, and the readiness of the justice system and child welfare agencies to protect them. The data for this paper was collected from three government departments and an ex-prisoner, and was supplemented by secondary data from a review of relevant literature relevant. The study found that imprisonment of parents deprived children of their primary caregiver and had social, economic and psychological effects on them. The study affirmed other studies that suggested that the number and status of these children is not known and that government departments responsible for the welfare of children intervene only when the courts involve them. It further established that the departments lacked policy and capacity to attend to the plight of these children and policies to guide any needed intervention. The study recommended that, since it is hard to reconcile the punishment of offenders and the welfare of their children, legislation should be reviewed to make provision for the care of these children. There is a great need for collaborative efforts by different child welfare agencies to address gaps in services provided to prisoners’ children and for more research to expose the plight of parent offenders’ children. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3011 Files in this item: 1
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Mogute, Mary (Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019)
[more][less]Abstract: This study sought to establish respondents’ perceptions on female children’s rights to access, control, inherit and own property and their implications on children’s justice in Kisii County-Kenya. The constitution of Kenya (2010) equally provides for male and female children’s rights to property inheritance which automatically culminates in legitimate ownership. This is in tandem with international and regional instruments and treaties that require male and female children to be treated equally in all spheres of life. However, in practice this has been a mirage as cultural and customary beliefs and practices override existing legal provisions that equally cushion male and female children. This realization informed this study whose objectives were to identify respondents’ perceptions on female children’s rights to access, control, inherit and own family properties and proffer strategies that could be adopted to mitigate the vulnerability of female children’s rights to property inheritance and ownership. Cross-sectional descriptive survey was used in the study with a population and target population of 1,152,282 and 292,837 people respectively. A sample of 408 respondents and 30 key informants were selected using purposive and stratified random sampling procedures. Semi-structured interview schedules and in-depth interview guides were used to collect data. Generated data was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and the findings were that both male and female children were allowed considerable access to family property. However, as far as control, inheritance and ownership of property were concerned, male children were favoured over females. Secondly, as power and authority associated with property rights and status increased, the rights of female children to exercise and benefit from these powers and authority have diminished. The study recommends awareness creation of constitutional and other legal frameworks that promote female children’s property rights, their effective implementation and severe penalties for those who violate these provisions aimed at promoting children’s justice. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3010 Files in this item: 1
Investigating Female Children.pdf (139.9Kb) -
Nzyuko, Solomon (Interdisciplinary Journal on the African Child, 2019)
[more][less]Abstract: This paper sought to explore the institutional commitment to the welfare of children to access quality education as a basic right and hence let the sector work in the best interest of the child. Its scope covered the linkages between quality education as an inalienable right to the child, increased enrolment, life transformation, sustainable development and the role of monitoring and evaluation in the promotion of evidence-based management of the sector. This paper therefore delved into the prevalent practices in sub-Saharan Africa with the intent to bring to the fore the extent to which evidence-based planning might have been used to influence practice in delivering education as an indispensable nurturing service to the child. It is a desk review paper spanning the predominant practices reflecting on cases drawn from a number of selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It is noted that every civilization tends to be in a perpetual quest for its preservation through inherent procreative endeavour and hence in zest embrace deliberate nurturing systems, structures and processes for its posterity and legacy. One of the pivotal pillars in propelling a people into their appropriate, enviable socio-economic growth and development in pursuit of their preferred civilization is formal education to its budding population, the children. Persons who acquire ample art and science of learning availed through formal education also broaden their prospects for better living. Nevertheless, the pursuit of knowledge, skill and capacity enhancement in a large proportion of the less developed nations of the sub-Saharan Africa is obscure, rudimental and inaccessible to the majority of children in both the urban and rural poor. Similarly, the quality of education is too basic to make a difference in the lives of the millions of the affected children. Equally perturbing is the absence of evidence-based education sector management where results from monitoring and evaluation exercise does not seem to inform policy and practice. Such gaps may often push the stakeholders into a state of disillusionment and apathy which denies the child quality education, which is a right for all children. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/3009 Files in this item: 1
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Mogute, Mary (International Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, October 3, 2018)[more][less]
Abstract: Children are a blessing from God and a source of new life and hope for continuity in thecommunity as documented by Mbiti (1969) that “children are buds of society, and every birthis the arrival of ‘spring’ when life shoots outand the community thrives.” This implies children are a blessing to behold by parents aswell as the larger community. Their arrivalbrings joy, jubilations and celebrations(Kiarie, 2016) as they are ushered in to be partand parcel of the larger community. However,children come with enormous responsibilitiesand demands to holistically nurture their physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of growth (Genz & Kjsebo, 2010). While all these dimensions are critical, this paper focuses on the nurturing of children’s spiritual development by their Christian mothers. This is imperative since children are spiritual beings (Miller, 2015) andthey require spiritual nurture to become responsible Christians, prepared to live up to Christian standards and faith as they grow. Jesus takes children seriously, they have a special place in his kingdom (Stonehouse, 2006),hence, the need for spiritual nurture and development. It is with this understanding that the paper sought toexplore the place of Christian mothers in enriching spiritual growth of their children in a world least concernedabout spiritual development. The objectives of this study were to; investigate the role of Christian mothers in cultivating Christian values in their children’s lives, examine the approaches Christian mothers use in enhancing spiritual development of their children and proffer strategies that Christian mothers could utilize to promote spiritual development of their children. This study was informed by James Fowler’s theory of faith development (1081). The study adopted desk top research methodology. The findings of this study revealed that while theresponsibility to nurture the spiritual development of children is a corporate responsibility in the Christian faith,it is highly influenced by mothers URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2980 Files in this item: 1
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An Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and the Performance of Principals in Selected Schools in KenyaAyiro, Laban Peter (Sage, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The article investigates the degree of association between the emotional intelligence (EI) of school principals and their performance rating. The concept of EI is defined and data collected using the Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. This is related to the performance of the school in terms of test scores in national examinations as well as other measurable variables at the school level. The findings render valuable information indicating that there was a significant relationship between a school principal’s EI and the school’s success as measured by the rating of school principals who participated in the study. The study will enable further exploration into the emotional cognitive and psychological structures of these vital managers in the education sector using established HRD training programmes aimed at improving EI and performance of school principals. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2835 Files in this item: 1
An Analysis of Emotional (197.9Kb) -
Ayiro, Laban Peter (FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education:, January 1, 2014)[more][less]
Abstract: Increased interest in leadership preparation and development is based on the fact that school leaders can make a difference in both the effectiveness and efficiency of schooling. Symptomatic of weak management systems, more than 300 secondary schools experienced turbulence in Kenya between the months of May and August in 2011 due to mismanagement resulting in the destruction of property worth millions of shillings. Various theories and models have been constructed to explain the leadership functions and suggest different approaches to leadership. A growing body of studies has shown that emotional intelligence is inherently associated with transformational leadership whose theory has highlighted the importance of leaders' influence on followers' emotional states. This study has a specific purpose of advancing and expanding research on emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in schools in Kenya. URI: http://repository.daystar.ac.ke/xmlui/handle/123456789/2834 Files in this item: 1
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