SCHOOL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES 
PEACE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
PEA 242 X: COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION
                FINAL EXAM JANUARY SEMESTER 2012
                                 
                               TIME: 2HRS 

Section I:  Answer all questions in this section

1.	 Define  the following concepts 
a.	Conflict Transformation  and Communication 	        (4marks)
b.	Metaphors and Reframing                                               (4 marks)
c.	Strategies and tactics				         (4 marks)
d.	Conflict and Violence                                                       (4 marks)
e.	Negotiation  and Mediation                                              (4 marks)
 
2.	Contrasts the following conflict styles 
a.	Competing (forcing) and Accommodating      (2 marks)
b.	Avoiding and Problem-Solving (Collaborating)         (2 marks)

3.	Communication is difficult and may result in miscommunication due to tone of voice and cultural differences among other factors. Discuss at least 3 skills that parties should use to minimize misunderstanding. (6 marks)

4.	Conflict Assessment (analysis) Process (CAP) is a critical element in the resolution process especially where parties have a long history of disputes. 

a)	Discuss this statement and give at least two benefits of using CAP.
b)	Using diagrams and a brief explanation, highlight at least two CAP tools you will use before embarking on a mediation process. (10 marks)

Section II: Answer any 3 questions in this section

5.	Disputants in a conflict sometimes create mutually incompatible interpretations of their conflicts. With brief examples, discuss at least five forms of frames that only help to worsen a conflict. (10 marks)

6.	Culture is a critical element in communication. Discuss this statement highlighting factors that are likely to impact negatively on communication especially between different cultures.(10 marks)

7.	Your church has suffered a congregational conflict for the past five years and it is now threatening to split the local church. The Church Board has requested you to facilitate a resolution process. Discuss five tactics related to sequencing the parties should use towards a peaceful settlement. (10 marks)

8.	Conflict Transformation is founded on a set of principles which distinguishes it from other approaches of dealing with conflict. With appropriate examples discuss at least four principles of Conflict Transformation                                        (10 marks)