School of Arts and Humanities
Peace and International Studies Department
January Semester 2012
POL 320A&T – Diplomacy Theory and Practice, Final Exam.  Time : 2 hours

Section A 30 marks 	(Answer all the questions in this section) 
1.	Define  diplomacy    (2 marks)
2.	Briefly explain the importance of diplomacy in international relations (4 Marks)
3.	In spite of the rise of numerous actors in international relations, the state remains a main actor in Diplomacy. State and explain any Three characteristics of a state. (9 Marks)

4.	Citing at least one example, briefly explain the following terms as used in diplomacy (9 Marks)
a.	Diplomatic privileges
b.	Diplomatic immunities
c.	Diplomatic facilities 
5.	Differentiate between 
             a. soft power and hard power
             b, bilateral and multilateral negotiations   
                           c, quasi actor  and government in exile  (6 marks)
Section B 40 marks 	(Answer any TWO questions in this section) 
6.	The Vienna convention on diplomatic relations spells out the functions of a diplomatic mission. Using examples discuss any five of these functions.  (20 marks.)
7.	a)  By use of examples, discuss the impact of technology on Diplomacy (10 marks)
b) Explain the contribution of Greeks towards the modern diplomacy       (10 marks)  
8.	Using examples from Africa  and the rest of the world critically analyse the role of track two diplomacy in conflict management citing its strengths and weaknesses.( 20 marks)
9.	One of the major goals of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security. Discuss the different mechanisms that have been utilised by the United Nations to ensure this goal is achieved in the world.   Give examples. (20 marks) 

                                 
School of Arts and Humanities
Peace and International Studies Department
January Semester 2012
POL 320X – Diplomacy Theory and Practice, Final Exam.  Time : 2 hours

Section A   30 marks ( answer all the questions)

1.	differentiate between the following terms  as used in diplomacy
a)	diplomacy and foreign policy 
b)	privileges and immunities
c)	secret diplomacy and open diplomacy
d)	Agreed minutes and a composite report.               (8 marks)

2.	The United Nations operates under certain principles.  Explain any four of these principles ( 8 marks)
3.	Classification of the documents of diplomacy may be faced by a number of challenges. State and explain any three of these challenges.   (6marks)

4.	 Explain the following models of decision making as used in foreign policy.
a)	rational actor model
b)	organizational process model   (8 marks)  

Section B   40 marks ( answer any two questions)

5	a)  The pre negotiation phase may determine the success or failure of a negotiation process.  Using examples explain the statement citing the critical activities that take place during this phase.  (12marks) 
b)	State and explain any four documents used in diplomatic negotiations. (8 marks) 

6	a) Diplomacy uses different actors in management of conflict. Using examples from the Horn of Africa explain the use of track 1 diplomacy in conflict management. (15 marks)
b)	 Briefly explain the role of preventive diplomacy   (5 marks)
7.	a)  discuss any five roles of the documents of diplomacy        (10 marks)
b)  Briefly explain the following documents as used in multilateral negotiations (10 Marks)
a.	Credentials
b.	Full powers
c.	Instruments of ratification 
d.	Negotiating brief

8a).‘Diplomacy without arms is like music without instrument’ H. Kissinger. using the relevant examples explain the challenges facing diplomacy in conflict management and why arms are sometimes un avoidable.(12 marks)
b)	 Discuss the contribution of the French to modern diplomacy. (8 marks)