School of Arts and Humanities
Peace and International Studies Department
January Semester 2012
PEA 240 A- Conflict Theory. Final Exam.  Time : 2 hours

Section A  30 marks ( answer all the questions)
1.	differentiate the following concepts 
a)	conflict and violence
b)	positive peace and negative peace
c)	structural violence and gender violence    ( 10 marks)

2.	Briefly explain any four characteristics of a destructive conflict   (6 marks)
3.	Explain the link between human needs and conflict in society        (6 marks)
4.	Mediation is one of the pacific methods used in the management of international conflict.  briefly explain  its strengths and weaknesses.   (8 marks)

Section B  40 marks ( answer two questions only)

5.	Institutional reform theory of change can be used effectively in post conflict peace building in pursuance of sustainable peace.
a)	Briefly explain the assumption of this theory        5 marks
b)	Using Kenya‘s agenda 4 as your reference discuss how the theory has been effectively applied.     (15 marks)

6.	Conflicts cannot be contained within territorial boundaries of a state. using examples from Africa explain any five factors that make internal conflict adopt an international nature.  (20 marks)
7.	a) Define conflict analysis   (2 marks)
b)    Briefly explain the importance of conflict analysis  (6 marks)
c)    Using examples from the Horn of Africa explain how the following tools of analyses can b applied
 i) Conflict mapping
ii) Conflict loop/stages          (12 marks)

8.	Discuss the following theories of conflict  and show their importance in conflict management. 
a)	frustration aggression theory
b)	Economic theory 
c)	Inherency / contingency theory           (15 marks)
d)	Briefly explain the importance of studying theories of conflict.  (5 marks)